Study objective-To evaluate the effect of uterine leiomyomas on the endometrium using molecular markers of endometrial receptivity: HOXA10, HOXA11, LIF, and BTEB1.
Design-Case-control study
Setting-University medical centerPatients-Thirty reproductive-age women with submucosal, intramural, or no uterine myomas who underwent hysteroscopy or hysterectomy.Interventions-Proliferative phase endometrial sampling was performed at the time of surgery. In uteri with a submucosal myoma, directed endometrial biopsies were obtained over the myoma and over normal myometrium.Main outcome measures-Endometrial HOXA10 expression was evaluated as a primary end point using quantitative real time RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. HOXA11, BTEB1, and LIF were evaluated using real time RT-PCR.Results-Endometrial HOXA10 and HOXA11 mRNA expression were significantly decreased in uteri with submucosal myomas compared to controls and to uteri with intramural myomas. A similar trend was seen in BTEB1 mRNA expression, however no difference was found in LIF mRNA expression. Immunohistochemistry localized the decrease in endometrial HOXA10 protein expression to stroma. In the presence of a submucosal myoma, there were no regional differences in gene expression.Conclusions-The molecular mechanism by which submucosal myomas adversely affect reproduction includes a global decrease in endometrial HOX gene expression, not simply a focal change over the myoma. This may explain the reproductive dysfunction observed with submucosal myomas.