Salmonellosis: Serotypes, prevalence and multi-drug resistant profiles of Salmonella enterica in selected poultry farms, Kwara State, North Central Nigeria

Abstract

Salmonellosis is a major threat facing the poultry industry globally. This study was conducted to investigate the level of Salmonella contaminations and determine the resistance pattern of isolates obtained from selected poultry farms in Kwara State, a transition state between southern and northern regions of Nigeria. A total of 900 samples were collected between January and August 2017, from the poultry environment, apparently including healthy and dead birds. Salmonella was isolated and identified using standard bacteriological methods. All presumptive Salmonella isolates were serotyped and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility using 11 different antimicrobials. A total of 58 (6.4%) Salmonella isolates were obtained, and the isolation rate was only statistically significant ( p < 0.05) in live birds. The isolates comprised of 13 serovars. The three predominant serovars, Salmonella enterica ser. 6.7:d:- (29.0%), Salmonella Agama (28.0%) and Salmonella Typhimurium (16.0%), were isolated from all three sample types. Rare serovars like Salmonella Albany, Salmonella Colindale, Salmonella Istanbul, Salmonella Larochelle, Salmonella Nigeria and Salmonella Orion were also isolated in this study. A high frequency of resistance was generally observed with all the isolates exhibiting a total of (100%) resistance to ampicillin, cefotaxime and ceftazidime. This study documents the first predominant isolation of S. enterica ser. 6.7:d:- and S. Agama from chickens. It also documents the high frequency of fluoroquinolone and cephalosporins resistance of the isolates indicating the presence of selective pressure in the environment. Controls and targeted interventions against Salmonella and the frequent occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in chickens should be initiated to prevent the spread of this organism.

Bacteriological and molecular studies on Salmonella isolatedfrom duckling farmsatKaliobia, Egypt

“…Moreover, the variation of isolation rates in different localities may be due to the prophylactic and therapeutic use of antibiotics, vaccination against viruses and immune status of ducklings or variation in degree of hygiene and overloading in the farms. Regarding to the phenotypic characters of isolated Salmonella, the colonial appearance and the biochemical profile were similar to those previously reported such as the fermentation of certain sugars or enzymatic reaction that might be characteristic of highly virulent strains associated with Salmonellosis (Markey et al, 2013;Rahman et al, 2016;Ahmed et al, 2019). Moreover, the serogroups obtained Table (3 Fimbriae play an important role in the pathogenicity of bacteria, because they promote their attachment to intestinal epithelial cells and encoded by the pef operon located in plasmid (Castilla et al, 2006).Similar findings of plasmid encoded fimbriae (pefA) gene (Fig.…”

Risk Perceptions of Antibiotic Usage and Resistance: A Cross-Sectional Survey of Poultry Farmers in Kwara State, Nigeria

“…The excessive use (or misuse) of antibiotics in animal production has severe consequences for public health and the environment [ 6 , 9 ]. MDR organisms have been isolated in poultry, poultry environment, and in poultry workers and this poses serious public health threats especially in LMICs like Nigeria [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ]. These MDR bacteria can be transmitted to humans via the food chain, the environment, water bodies, or by close contact with these animals [ 6 , 24 , 25 ].…”

Prevalence and risk factors of Salmonella in commercial poultry farms in Nigeria

“…Enteritidis and S . Typhimurium, which are some of the common non- typhoidal Salmonella in humans in the region [ 30 ].…”

“…Initial screening of isolates using serotype specific PCR was done at the Pharmaceutical Microbiology Laboratory University of Ibadan, Nigeria to identify S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium, which are some of the common non-typhoidal Salmonella in humans in the region [30].…”