Salmonella spp. in poultry: a constant challenge and new insights

Velhner, Maja; Milanov, Dubravka; Kozoderović, Gordana

doi:10.12681/jhvms.18012

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…The increase in prevalence and this greater serotype diversity between 1-day-old and production animals was also observed in a previous study equipment, transportation or water (Chousalkar et al, 2018, Crabb et al, 2018, Luyckx, 2016, Marin et al, 2011. Then the bacteria can further spread within and between holdings through movements of people, vehicles and equipment (Cerdà-Cuéllar et al, 2019;Velhner et al, 2018).…”

Section: Horizontal Salmonella Transmission In Broilers and In Layerssupporting

confidence: 70%

“…Contamination is due to the introduction or recontamination after cleaning and disinfection by contaminated feed, humans, domestic, wild and feral animals, birds, insects, equipment, transportation or water (Chousalkar et al, 2018, Crabb et al, 2018, Luyckx, 2016, Marin et al, 2011). Then the bacteria can further spread within and between holdings through movements of people, vehicles and equipment (Cerdà‐Cuéllar et al, 2019; Velhner et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessing evidence of a potential Salmonella transmission across the poultry food chain

Cargnel

Filippitzi

Cauteren

et al. 2022

Zoonoses and Public Health

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Enhanced Salmonella surveillance programmes in poultry were implemented in all European Member States, with minimum prevalence targets for a list of targeted serotypes to safeguard food and public health. Based on the Belgian Salmonella surveillance programme and focusing on poultry, the overarching aim of this study was to highlight possible Salmonella transmissions across the food chain (FC). For this purpose, firstly, the prevalence patterns of Salmonella (targeted and the most prevalent non‐targeted) serotypes along the FC were described over time. Secondly, the effectiveness of the control measures against vertical transmission (breeders to 1‐day‐old broiler and layer chicks) was indirectly assessed by looking into the odds of targeted serotypes detection. Thirdly, it was appraised if Salmonella prevalence can significantly increase during broilers and layers production. In addition, it was tested if being tested negative at the end of production in broilers when tested positive at the entrance is serotype dependent (targeted vs. non‐targeted serotypes). Results showed that, firstly, the prevalence patterns of the listed serotypes were inconstant over time and across the FC. Secondly, the odds of Salmonella targeted serotype detection in 1‐day‐old broiler and in 1‐day‐old layer flocks were lower than in breeder flocks while, thirdly, infection during broiler and layer production can lead to significant increase in positivity in subsequent samples. Finally, being infected by a targeted or by non‐targeted serotype at the entrance of the flock poorly reflects the Salmonella status at the end of production. Note that this study did not make a distinction between the different sources of contamination and the effects of sampling methods and isolation methods should be subject to further investigation.

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Section: Horizontal Salmonella Transmission In Broilers and In Layerssupporting

confidence: 70%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing evidence of a potential Salmonella transmission across the poultry food chain

Cargnel

Filippitzi

Cauteren

et al. 2022

Zoonoses and Public Health

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“…S. Infantis has been described as an emerging serotype in the poultry industry [26], as it generally does not produce symptoms in poultry. This specific serotype is, therefore, difficult to identify [27]. In Colombia, this serotype has been isolated in commercial laying hen farms in the department of Antioquia and samples of litter, feed, drinking water, cloacal swabs, cecal content, and ovaries [28].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First report of multidrug-resistant Salmonella Infantis in broiler litter in Tolima, Colombia

et al. 2022

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Background and Aim: Salmonella has been identified as one of the most widely distributed zoonotic pathogens in broiler litter. Multidrug-resistant strains have been isolated from salmonellosis outbreaks, compromising the success of their treatment. This study aimed to isolate and identify Salmonella spp. serovars in healthy broiler litter in Tolima (Colombia), determine their resistance to different antimicrobials, and detect genes associated with β-lactam resistance that could be useful to control Salmonella spp. in poultry. Materials and Methods: In total, 45 broiler litter samples were collected. Salmonella spp. was isolated and identified using selective and differential culture media and biochemical tests. Molecular confirmation of the pathogen was performed with the invA gene and serotyping by Kauffman–White scheme. Antimicrobial susceptibility to 15 antibiotics was determined by Kirby–Bauer method. In cefotaxime-resistant strains, blaCTX-M-F, blaCTX-M-1, blaCMY, and blaTEM genes were evaluated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: In total, 817 presumptive strains were obtained from xylose lysine deoxycholate and Salmonella Shigella agars and subcultured on xylose-lysine-tergitol 4 and MacConkey agars, from which 150 strains were isolated; 29 of these strains were presumptive for Salmonella spp. after performing biochemical tests and 16 were confirmed by PCR as Salmonella Infantis (15) and Gallinarum (1). All strains were found to be multiresistant to antibiotics, showing three different profiles and isolates resistant to cefotaxime, and the blaCTX-M gene was detected. Conclusion: This is the first study to isolate S. Infantis from broiler litter in Colombia. All isolates exhibited resistance to the evaluated antimicrobials, suggesting the misuse of antimicrobials in small- and medium-sized poultry farms. The presence of Salmonella enterica serovar Infantis is a public health problem. Thus, regular monitoring of poultry litter is recommended, as these bacteria can be transmitted to humans through animal products or contaminated environments.

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“…Th e exact reasons for persistent infection with serovars Enteritidis and Typhimurium can be revealed using experimental animals. It was shown that invasive serovars have more virulence factors, invade internal organs of the host more effi ciently and possess mechanisms prompting their survival inside the macrophages of the host (Velhner et al, 2018). For instance, the global spread of Salmonella Enteritidis phage type 4 (PT4) was attributed to successful infection of the hens' reproductive tract most likely by inheriting additional virulence factors which facilitate internal contamination of eggs (Velge et al, 2005).…”

Section: Clonal Spread Of Salmonella Sppmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Th e exceptions are the above-mentioned sequence types, which persist in various niches and disseminate thanks to their enhanced fi tness. During the investigation of the diverse, multidrug-resistant commensal E. coli from a poultry farm practicing frequent use of antibiotics in Serbia, three independent clones with the common virulence type and resistotype were determined by pulse-fi eld gel electrophoresis (Velhner et al, 2018). Th e multilocus sequence type of only a small number of E. coli isolates from gulls was done as well.…”

Section: Genetic Basis Of the Progression Of The E Coli With The Dist...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Global Spread and Epidemiological Characteristics of Salmonella Spp, Escherichia Coli and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (Mrsa):related Researach Studies in Serbia

Velhner

Milanov

Aleksić

2022

AVM

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It has been established that some clones of pathogenic bacteria such as Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli ST131, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) tend to spread worldwide. Therefore, epidemiological surveys have been conducted to identify the source of infection and to break the chain of infection. In this article, it was pointed out that common international clones of Salmonella are represented with the serotypes Typhimurium, Kentucky, Infantis and Enteritidis. Serovars Typhimurium and Kentucky display multidrug-resistant phenotypes more frequently. Several sequence types of E. coli and the international clone ST131 are described, including clades C1 and C2 with the extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistance genes (blaCTX-M-15 or blaCTX-M-27). These pathogens are often found in both humans and animals. It is noted that Staphylococcus aureus became resistant to methicillin almost instantly after its introduction into clinical practice. Soon afterwards, MRSA found its way to farm animals and wildlife. The cycles of infection are bidirectional: humans can disseminate MRSA in the environment but animals may also be sources of infection for humans. Comprehensive work has been done by epidemiologists to introduce all necessary measures to eliminate MRSA from hospitals. Also, much effort has been made in MRSA control to prevent infections on animal farms and contamination in the primary food production chain. As the struggle with pathogenic bacteria continues, we face the incessant threat of new resistance and virulence mechanisms, which bacteria use to resist the hostile environment and enhance their survival in their natural habitats including humans and animals. Therefore, the capacity of certain bacteria to spread due to their virulence mechanisms and resistance phenotypes is presented, and a brief description of the research conducted in Serbia is included.

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Salmonella spp. in poultry: a constant challenge and new insights

Cited by 7 publications

References 65 publications

Assessing evidence of a potential Salmonella transmission across the poultry food chain

Assessing evidence of a potential Salmonella transmission across the poultry food chain

First report of multidrug-resistant Salmonella Infantis in broiler litter in Tolima, Colombia

The Global Spread and Epidemiological Characteristics of Salmonella Spp, Escherichia Coli and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (Mrsa):related Researach Studies in Serbia

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