Salmonella-related mycotic pseudoaneurysm of the superficial femoral artery

Abstract

Arterial infection is associated with immunosuppressive states and Staphylococcus aureus is the most commonly isolated organism in mycotic aneurysms. Also, Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp. and anaerobic species have been identified. Salmonella species are associated with mycotic aneurysms in the abdominal aorta and the use of autogenous vein grafts is the standard treatment for this condition. In lower extremities, autogenous conduits have been already used with good results of patency and freedom from re-infection. Endovascular treatment is a feasible approach in these situations, but there is not reports regarding long term results and this treatment is occasionally associated with prosthesis infection.

Mycotic aneurysm due to Salmonella species: clinical experiences and review of the literature

“…The cases reported in the literature are summarized in Supplementary Table S1 (refs. 22 – 56 ). The clinical features of the 4 cases treated at our hospital and the 53 cases reported in the literature are summarized in Table 1 .…”

Infrarenal Infected Aortic Aneurysm Caused by Streptococcus pyogenes

“…Nowadays, the majority of reported organisms seen in infectious aneurysm are staphylococcal species, nonhaemolytic types of Streptococci, and Salmonella species [10, 11]. S. pyogenes is responsible for a diverse range of infectious pathologies but is only exceptionally associated with endovascular infection.…”

“…Prior to the antibiotic era, infectious aortitis was commonly associated with bacterial endocarditis involving mostly S. viridans, S. pneumoniae, and Haemophilus influenzae [ 9 ]. Nowadays, the majority of reported organisms seen in infectious aneurysm are staphylococcal species, nonhaemolytic types of Streptococci, and Salmonella species [ 10 , 11 ]. S. pyogenes is responsible for a diverse range of infectious pathologies but is only exceptionally associated with endovascular infection.…”

Diagnosis and management of a ruptured popliteal mycotic pseudoaneurysm

“…Broad-spectrum antibiotics are imperative in the pre-operatively period and should be continued postoperatively for a 6-week period. 5,9 The goals of surgical intervention are to achieve microbiological source control, prevent or contain rupture, re-establish blood flow, and reduce the risk of reinfection. 3,9 In our patient, we considered an extra-anatomic approach to bypass the fully infected area but given the history of drug abuse we opted for an interposition graft so that the graft would remain inaccessible to the patient.…”

“…Prosthetic grafts are highly susceptible to infection hence limiting reconstruction to autologous venous grafts. 2–5,9–11 Saphenous vein grafts from the contralateral limb should be approached first, and if not usable, then vein harvested from the upper limbs may be utilized along with deep leg veins of the leg. 2 Endovascular treatment may be a feasible approach if an open surgical approach is not possible due to patient morbidity, but there are no reports regarding long-term results of placing a prosthesis in an infected popliteal artery field.…”