Salmonella Prevalence in Slaughtered Buffaloes and Pigs and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Isolates in Vientiane, Lao People's Democratic Republic

Abstract

ABSTRACT. This is the first report regarding isolation of Salmonella from cecum samples of buffaloes and pigs and characterization of the isolates in Laos. The organisms were isolated from 8% (4/50) of buffaloes and 76% (37/49) of pigs. In buffaloes, 3 animals harbored serotype 9,12: -:1,5, and 1 animal harbored both S. Derby and S. Javiana. In pigs, the most predominant serotypes were S. Derby (51%) followed by S. Anatum (45%), S. Weltevreden (15%) and S. Stanley (5%). The buffalo isolates were susceptible to the antimicrobials tested, whereas the pig isolates showed 10 resistance patterns to 1-5 antibiotics. Of the 59 pig isolates, the resistance rates to tetracycline, streptomycin, ampicillin, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, chloramphenicol, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and nalidixic acid were 24%, 22%, 14%, 5%, 2%, 2% and 2%, respectively. The results suggest that pigs and buffaloes harbor Salmonella, with a higher prevalence especially in pigs, and all the isolates showed sensitivity to cefotaxime, norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin.

High prevalence and molecular characteristics of multidrug-resistant Salmonella in pigs, pork and humans in Thailand and Laos provinces

“…The prevalence of Salmonella from pig samples collected at slaughter facilities in Thailand (34 %) and Laos (38.7 %) is lower than in previous reports from Vientiane, Laos (Boonmar et al, 2008), but higher than reports from Northern Thailand (Padungtod & Kaneene, 2006) and Sakaew, Cambodia (Pulsrikarn et al, 2012). In this study, the prevalence of Salmonella in each country was higher in fresh markets compared to that in the slaughterhouse.…”

“…Most pig farms in Laos are run by families. One interpretation of these data is that cephalosporins are cost prohibitive for most family-owned Laotian pig farms and the drugs are less often used, thereby limiting the selection pressure for resistance genes (Boonmar et al, 2008). In addition, gentamicin resistance in Thai isolates was higher than previous reports in pork from the same country (Angkititrakul et al, 2005;Sinwat et al, 2015) but more similar to that in Vietnam .…”

“…Still, provincial slaughterhouses with inadequate hygiene exist and are of particular concern. In contrast, most pigs in Laos are raised on family farms (Boonmar et al, 2008), and small-scale abattoirs with poor hygienic practice in the slaughtering process are still common (Bastiaensen et al, 2011). The samples obtained for this study were collected from a limited number of sites (one slaughterhouse, one fresh market and one hospital in each province), which must be considered when interpreting the data.…”

“…These results indicate variation in Salmonella serovars in Southeast Asian countries. As the serotypes of Salmonella vary by geographic location (Boonmar et al, 2008), additional factors could affect the various predominant serovars, e.g. a time factor, limited sample sites and certain serovars more likely to carry resistance genes leading to a shift in prevalent serotypes.…”

Antibiotic resistance pattern among the Salmonella isolated from human, animal and meat in India

“…Due to ban over cow slaughter in most part of India, buffalo is also used for meat purpose. There are only occasional reports on the occurrence of Salmonella and its antibiotic pattern in buffaloes (Agarwal et al, 1999;Maharjan et al, 2006;Boonmar et al, 2008) and to the best of our knowledge, there is hardly any study dealing with association of Salmonella with clinical infections in this animal. In the present study, antibiogram of four Salmonella isolates belonging to two serotypes viz., Paratyphi B var Java (3) and Saintpaul (1) from buffalo calf diarrhea, revealed them to be multidrug resistant.…”