Salmonella penetration of egg shells and proliferation in broiler hatching eggs–a review

Cox, N. A.; Berrang, M. E.; Cason, J. A.

doi:10.1093/ps/79.11.1571

Cited by 128 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…However, C. psittaci vaccines are not available. Thus, prophylactic measures such as monitoring C. psittaci infections in breeders, optimal hygiene and disinfection of eggs soon after laying (Cox et al, 2000) are currently the main weapons against egg contamination.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zoonotic transmission of Chlamydia psittaci in a chicken and turkey hatchery

Dickx

Vanrompay

2011

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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Chlamydia psittaci is an obligately intracellular Gram-negative bacterium causing respiratory disease (chlamydiosis) or asymptomatic carriage in birds. C. psittaci is a zoonotic agent causing psittacosis or parrot fever in humans. Vertical and/or horizontal transmission via eggs might have serious repercussions on the C. psittaci infection status of poultry flocks and thus on zoonotic risk for all workers along the poultry supply chain. We therefore studied the presence of C. psittaci in a hatchery. In addition, we examined all (n=4) employees of the hatchery to evaluate the zoonotic risk. We could not detect C. psittaci on either eggshells or eggshell membranes. However, C. psittaci isolates of different outer-membrane protein A (ompA) genotypes were cultured from the air of both turkey (genotypes A and C) and chicken (genotype D) hatching chambers. Zoonotic transmission occurred in all employees and a mixed infection with up to three different genotypes (A, D and C), also found in air samples, was discovered. Diagnostic monitoring and reporting of C. psittaci infections in poultry workers should be promoted. Additionally, an efficient veterinary vaccine and information campaigns on zoonotic risk and preventive measures against C. psittaci transmission would be beneficial to public health

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zoonotic transmission of Chlamydia psittaci in a chicken and turkey hatchery

Dickx

Vanrompay

2011

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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“…In addition to Farm 10, S. Senftenberg was isolated also from Farms 4, 6 and 7, which may be due to contaminated feed (sourced from the same mill) or persistent farm contamination (Pedersen et al, 2008). The eggshell contamination (1.6%) may have been caused by the egg rolling onto contaminated litter and, subsequently, the chicks (6%) may have been colonized via pipping (Cason et al, 1993) or hatchery spread (Cox et al, 2000). It appears that this serovar does not colonize poultry (0 from 4134 carcass isolates).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and validation of a drag swab method using tampons and different diluents for the detection of members ofSalmonellain broiler houses

2011

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Members of the genus Salmonella represent a significant public health concern and also a colonizer of commercial poultry. Therefore, the early detection and management of colonized broiler breeders and their progeny is essential. There have been numerous methods for farm-based detection, with gauze-based drag swabs being the most commonly used. In the present study, the wet (boiled water, buffered peptone water and double-strength skin milk) tampon was compared with the gauze to determine the recovery rate (10 2 colony-forming units/swab) of five common poultry serovars of Salmonella and after cold (48C/48 h) storage. The recovery was found to be equivalent when tested using the ISO6572:2002 method, for all diluents (Cohen's k 01.0; sensitivity 0 1.0; specificity 0 1.0). The subsequent field trial (n 0 15 farms) compared the tampon drag swab (TDS) with a statistically appropriate (90% confidence, detect 10% prevalence) number of faecal swabs (n 0 22), which also showed high agreement between the TDS and faecal sampling (k 0 0.86; McNemar's x 2 0 1.0; sensitivity 0 0.9; specificity 0 1.0). However, direct faecal sampling showed a wider diversity of serovars of Salmonella than the corresponding TDS. The TDS is a very sensitive, readily available and cost-effective screening method for salmonellas in broiler breeder houses. This TDS technique may be used for routinely screening of broiler houses, and faecal sampling would only be used to confirm colonization or contamination, and to measure flock serovar variance.

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“…in the poultry production flow can occur through vertical transmission, by using day--old infected chicks, and horizontal transmission, by being exposed to contaminated food and environment (Cox, Berrang & Cason 2000, Gantois et al 2009). To Frederick & Huda (2011) the majority of infections caused by Salmonella sp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotypic and molecular detection of Salmonella sp. on growing, rearing and production phases in a commercial group of laying hens

et al. 2016

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This present study was developed with the objective of detect Salmonella sp. by conventional bacteriology and qPCR techniques in samples of flooring material from transport crates (meconium); raising environment (swab of cages and drinking fountains); cloacal swab; food and insects from growing, rearing and production phases in a commercial group of laying hens. A total of 864 samples were collected, among whom 248 originated from growing, 392 from rearing and 224 from production phase. Among the 864 samples, 2,8% where positives in bacteriologic technique and 15.3% in qPCR. Contamination was higher in growing and rearing phases and declined in production phase. Twenty four isolations of Salmonella where typified as Salmonella Agona (41.7%), Salmonella Livingstone (33.3%), Salmonella Cerro (16.7%), Salmonella Senftenberg (4.2%) and Salmonella Schwarzengrund (4.2%). During growing phase Salmonella Livingstone was identified. These findings suggest vertical contamination in the group. During rearing and production phases, isolated materials belong to serovars Agona, Cerro, Senftenberg and Schwarzengrund, pointing to horizontal contamination. It is possible to conclude that both vertical and horizontal contaminations are important during the cycle of commercial egg production and contamination in rearing phase is higher than in growing and production phases.

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Salmonella penetration of egg shells and proliferation in broiler hatching eggs–a review

Cited by 128 publications

References 32 publications

Zoonotic transmission of Chlamydia psittaci in a chicken and turkey hatchery

Zoonotic transmission of Chlamydia psittaci in a chicken and turkey hatchery

Development and validation of a drag swab method using tampons and different diluents for the detection of members ofSalmonellain broiler houses

Phenotypic and molecular detection of Salmonella sp. on growing, rearing and production phases in a commercial group of laying hens

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