Salmonella mutagenicity test results for 250 chemicals

Haworth, Steve; Lawlor, Timothy E.; Mortelmans, Kristien; Speck, William T.; Zeiger, Errol

doi:10.1002/em.2860050703

Cited by 836 publications

(344 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…No mutagenic activity was observed for limonene, the second highest concentration found in the essential oil (Watabe et al, 1980;Haworth et al, 1983). Furthermore, another study stressed the high antimutagenic activity of d-limonene (Higashimoto et al, 1998).…”

Section: Mutagenic and Antimutagenic Activitymentioning

confidence: 98%

Chemical Composition and Biological Activity of the Essential Oil ofPerovskia atriplicifolia. from Pakistan

Erdemgil

İlhan

Korkmaz

et al. 2007

Pharmaceutical Biology

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The current study describes the phytochemical profile, antimicrobial, mutagenic, and antimutagenic activity of Perovskia atriplicifolia Benth. essential oil, collected in Pakistan. The sample of essential oil was obtained from aerial parts of the plant by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. From the 18 compounds identified, the major compounds were camphor (28.91%), limonene (16.72%), a-globulol (10.21%), trans-caryophyllene (9.30%), and a-humulene (9.25%). Antimicrobial activity of the oil was evaluated using agar diffusion method and agar dilution method. The antimicrobial test results showed that the oil had a significant potential antimicrobial activity against 10 bacteria and 5 fungal strains. Furthermore, the mutagenic and antimutagenic activity of the oil was investigated through the Salmonella=microsome test system, with and without S9 metabolic fraction in Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100. None of the tested concentrations of oil was found mutagenic. However, all tested concentrations did show an increase in antimutagenic activity with or without S9 fraction against 2-aminofluorene and daunomicina, but not sodium azide. Results presented here suggest that the essential oil of P. atriplicifolia possesses antimicrobial properties and is therefore a potential source of antimicrobial ingredients for the food and pharmaceutical industry. In addition, that it also has antimutagenic activity raises the importance of this essential oil in this area.

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Section: Mutagenic and Antimutagenic Activitymentioning

confidence: 98%

Chemical Composition and Biological Activity of the Essential Oil ofPerovskia atriplicifolia. from Pakistan

Erdemgil

İlhan

Korkmaz

et al. 2007

Pharmaceutical Biology

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“…In genotoxicity studies of catechol, negative results were obtained in the Ames assay with or without S9 mix 15 , Escherichia coli DNA polymerase assay, and the HeLa DNA synthesis test on Chinese hamster V79 cells, but the result of the micronucleus test in mice was positive 7 . In carcinogenicity studies of catechol in which 30 male and female F344 rats and B6C3F 1 mice were treated with 0.8% catechol powdered in diet for 104 weeks, adenomas of the glandular stomach were found in all rats and the majority of mice 13 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tumorigenic Susceptibility of Catechol on the Gastric Mucosa in rasH2 Mice

et al. 2005

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The present study was undertaken to examine the susceptibility of catechol on the gastric mucosa of male rasH2 mice which have high susceptibility to genotoxic carcinogens. Mice were divided into 4 groups consisting of 7 to 15 per group, and given diets containing catechol at doses of 0, 0.2, 0.4 or 0.8% for 26 weeks. In the pyloric mucosa of the stomach, hyperplasias of gastric mucosa were significantly increased in the groups treated with 0.4% or more catechol, along with increased proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) positive rates, but no stomach tumors were induced. In the fundic mucosa of the stomach, the incidences of atrophic fundic glands with fewer and atrophic parietal cells were significantly increased in the groups treated with 0.4% or more catechol. In the forestomach, epithelial hyperplasias of the limiting ridge were observed in 5 of 15 mice given 0.8% catechol. These results suggest that rasH2 mice are not susceptible to glandular stomach carcinogenesis induced by catechol, although pyloric epithelial hyperplasias and increased proliferation activity of the pyloric mucosa were induced in rasH2 mice given the higher doses of catechol. (J Toxicol Pathol 2005; 18: 1-5)

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“…Resorcinol did not induce gene mutations in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98, TA100, and TA1535, TA1537 at concentrations ranging from 33 to 3333 µg/plate when tested with a preincubation protocol in the presence and the absence of Aroclor 1254-induced male Sprague-Dawley rat or Syrian hamster liver S9 (Haworth et al, 1983, NTP, 1992.…”

Section: In Vitro Testingmentioning

confidence: 95%

Scientific Opinion on the use of Resorcinol as a food additive

2010

EFSA Journal

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Following a request from the European Commission (EC), the Panel on Food Additives and Nutrient Sources added to Food (ANS) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety of resorcinol when used as an antioxidant in crustaceans. Resorcinol is a specific inhibitor of polyphenol oxidase and therefore it can act as an anti-browning agent in fresh, frozen and deep-frozen crustaceans. Resorcinol is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, metabolised extensively to sulphate and/or glucuronic acid conjugates and excreted primarily in the urine. Resorcinol causes moderate acute toxicity in rats. Subchronic toxicity studies in rats and mice indicate a steep dose-response curve for lethality. Carcinogenicity studies in rats and mice demonstrated the lack of carcinogenic activity of resorcinol. However, clinical signs of toxicity were seen at approximately 100 mg resorcinol/kg bw/day (5 days per week) and above. Based on the available data from in vitro and in vivo genotoxicity tests the Panel concluded that there is no concern with respect to genotoxicity. Resorcinol has no adverse effects on the developing fetus nor does it cause maternal toxicity in rats and rabbits. The Panel considers the acute neurological signs of toxicity to be the pivotal adverse effect of resorcinol and based on the NOAEL of 36 mg resorcinol/kg bw/day in the carcinogenicity study in rats and using an uncertainty factor of 300 the Panel established an ADI of 0.12 mg/kg bw/day for resorcinol. The conservative estimates of acute consumption of shrimps (the only category for which experimental data were reported) indicate that dietary exposure to resorcinol for adults and for children would exceed the ADI when the residual concentration of resorcinol in whole raw shrimps is above 35 mg/kg. The Panel notes that this value is only applicable if other uses of resorcinol are excluded. KEY WORDS Resorcinol, CAS SUMMARYFollowing a request from the European Commission to the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), the Scientific Panel on Food Additives and Nutrient Sources added to Food (ANS) was asked to provide a scientific opinion on the safety of resorcinol when used as an antioxidant in crustaceans.Resorcinol is a specific inhibitor of polyphenol oxidase and therefore it can act as an anti-browning agent in fresh, frozen and deep-frozen crustaceans. Specifications for resorcinol indicated by the petitioner are: the minimum purity of resorcinol is 99 % (stated range of 99.0-100.5 % by iodometry assay), insoluble matter is set at 0.005 % and the residue after ignition 0.01 % maximum. The antibrowning agent intended to be authorised contains resorcinol as a main ingredient (more than 99.5 %) and citric or ascorbic acid at less than 0.3 %.The petitioner proposes to use resorcinol at a concentration of 5 to 7 g/L in the dipping solution for a dipping time of 4-5 minutes. Under these treatment conditions, the residual resorcinol measured in raw shrimps (whole product) was 120 mg/kg, in edible parts of raw shrimps was 30 mg/kg, and ...

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Salmonella mutagenicity test results for 250 chemicals

Cited by 836 publications

References 13 publications

Chemical Composition and Biological Activity of the Essential Oil ofPerovskia atriplicifolia. from Pakistan

Chemical Composition and Biological Activity of the Essential Oil ofPerovskia atriplicifolia. from Pakistan

Tumorigenic Susceptibility of Catechol on the Gastric Mucosa in rasH2 Mice

Scientific Opinion on the use of Resorcinol as a food additive

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