Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi on an Island: No H58, No Multidrug Resistance, but for How Long?

Tanmoy, Arif Mohammad

doi:10.1128/mbio.02426-22

Cited by 1 publication

(2 citation statements)

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“…Our 24-year surveillance, encompassing 12,435 Salmonella Typhi cases, revealed declining trends in first-line drugs (amoxicillin, chloramphenicol, cotrimoxazole) and multidrug resistance (MDR; 38% to 17%, 1999-2022. Cotrimoxazole consumption dropped, 0.8 to 0.1 DDD/1000/day .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…These low-cost antimicrobial agents are well-tolerated and saved millions of lives from typhoid fever for decades (1950s-1980s). [48][49][50] Even countries without MDR cases, like Samoa island, continue using amoxicillin as the primary typhoid treatment, 51,52 emphasizing the efficacy of these low-cost agents. The successful use of cotrimoxazole to treat typhoid in recent times, has also been reported.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trends in antimicrobial resistance amongstSalmonellaTyphi in Bangladesh: a 24-year retrospective observational study (1999–2022)

Tanmoy,

Hooda,

Sajib

et al. 2023

Preprint

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BackgroundRising antimicrobial resistance (AMR) inSalmonellaTyphi restricts typhoid treatment options, heightening concerns for pan-oral drug-resistant outbreaks. Bangladesh contemplates introducing typhoid conjugate vaccine (TCV) to address the typhoid burden and AMR. However, large-scale surveillance data on typhoid AMR in Bangladesh is scarce.ObjectiveThis study explores the AMR trends inSalmonellaTyphi isolates from Bangladesh, drawing comparisons with antibiotic consumption to optimize antibiotic stewardship strategies for the country.MethodsOur typhoid fever surveillance included two pediatric hospitals and three private clinics in Dhaka, Bangladesh, spanning 1999 to 2022. Blood cultures were performed at physicians’ discretion; cases were confirmed by microbiological culture, serological, and biochemical tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined following CLSI guidelines. National antibiotic consumption data for cotrimoxazole, ciprofloxacin, and azithromycin was obtained from IQVIA-MIDAS database for comparison.ResultsOur 24-year surveillance, encompassing 12,435SalmonellaTyphi cases, revealed declining trends in first-line drugs (amoxicillin, chloramphenicol, cotrimoxazole) and multidrug resistance (MDR; 38% to 17%, 1999–2022). Cotrimoxazole consumption dropped, 0.8 to 0.1 DDD/1000/day (1999–2020). Ciprofloxacin non-susceptibility persisted (>90%) with unchanged consumption (1.1-1.3 DDD/1000/day, 2002–2020). Low ceftriaxone resistance (<1%) was observed, with rising MIC (0.03 to 0.12 mg/L, 1999–2019). Azithromycin consumption increased (0.1 to 3.8 DDD/1000/day, 1999–2020), but resistance remained ≤4%.ConclusionOur study highlights declining MDR amongstSalmonellaTyphi in Bangladesh, thus reintroducing first-line antimicrobials could work as an empirical treatment option for typhoid fever. Our analysis provides a baseline for monitoring the impact of future interventions, including the TCV, on typhoid burden and associated AMR.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%