Salmonella enterica

Knodler, Leigh A.; Elfenbein, Johanna R.

doi:10.1016/j.tim.2019.05.002

Cited by 77 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…This was quite different from a survey with rectal swabs collected from three Chinese large-scale conventional chicken farms, which showed 80.8% (63/78) of MDR isolates with the most common serovar being S. Enteritidis (88.5%) (21). Unlike S. paratyphoid serovars that only infect humans by causing enteric fever, S. Enteritidis is a zoonotic pathogen of substantial concern to global human and animal health (40). Many studies using whole genome sequencing linking epidemiology, phylogeny and virulotyping are performed with Salmonella isolates from the harmonized monitoring of poultry and from human disease to facilitate attribution studies and identify trends associated with virulence and stress-response genes (41,42).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 69%

Characteristics of Salmonella From Chinese Native Chicken Breeds Fed on Conventional or Antibiotic-Free Diets

et al. 2021

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Salmonella is a common food-borne Gram-negative pathogen with multiple serotypes. Pullorum disease, caused by Salmonella Pullorum, seriously threatens the poultry industry. Many previous studies were focused on the epidemiological characteristics of Salmonella infections in conventional antibiotic use poultry. However, little is known about Salmonella infections in chicken flocks fed on antibiotic-free diets. Herein, we investigated and compared Salmonella infections in three Chinese native breeders fed on antibiotic-free diets, including the Luhua, Langya, and Qingjiaoma chickens, and one conventional breeder, the Bairi chicken, via analyzing 360 dead embryos in 2019. The results showed that the main Salmonella serotypes detected in a total of 155 isolates were S. Pullorum (82.6%) and S. Enteritidis (17.4%). Coinfection with two serotypes of Salmonella was specifically found in Bairi chicken. The sequence type (ST) in S. Pullorum was ST92 (n = 96) and ST2151 (n = 32), whereas only ST11 (n = 27) was found in S. Enteritidis. The Salmonella isolates from three breeder flocks fed on antibiotic-free diets exhibited phenotypic heterogeneity with a great variety of drug resistance spectrum. Most of the isolates among three chicken breeds Luhua (64.9%, 50/77), Langya (60%, 12/20) and Qingjiaoma (58.3%, 7/12) fed on antibiotic-free diets were resistant to only one antibiotic (erythromycin), whereas the rate of resistance to one antibiotic in conventional Bairi chicken isolates was only 4.3% (2/46). The multidrug-resistance rate in Salmonella isolates from layer flocks fed on antibiotic-free diets (20.2%, 22/109) was significantly (P < 0.0001) lower than that from chickens fed on conventional diets (93.5%, 43/46). However, high rate of resistance to erythromycin (97.4%~100%) and streptomycin (26%~41.7%) were also found among three breeder flocks fed on antibiotic-free diets, indicating resistance to these antibiotics likely spread before antibiotic-free feeding in poultry farms. The findings of this study supplement the epidemiological data of salmonellosis and provide an example of the characteristics of Salmonella in the chicken flocks without direct antibiotic selective pressure.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 69%

Characteristics of Salmonella From Chinese Native Chicken Breeds Fed on Conventional or Antibiotic-Free Diets

et al. 2021

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“…While nontyphoid Salmonella has a wide host range (Crump et al, 2015). In addition to induce diarrhea, Salmonella can also cause fever and gastrointestinal complications such as pancreatitis and bleeding (Knodler and Elfenbein, 2019). Furthermore, inappropriate use of antibiotics has also led to an increase in antimicrobial resistance, and the development of multi-drug resistance in Salmonella serotypes has also led to an increase in the severity of Salmonella infections.…”

Section: Bacteria and Diarrheamentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut Microbiota and Diarrhea: An Updated Review

Xia

Jiang

et al. 2021

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

115

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Diarrhea is a common problem to the whole world and the occurrence of diarrhea is highly associated with gut microbiota, such as bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Generally, diarrheal patients or animals are characterized by gut microbiota dysbiosis and pathogen infections may lead to diarrheal phenotypes. Of relevance, reprograming gut microbiota communities by dietary probiotics or fecal bacteria transplantation are widely introduced to treat or prevent diarrhea. In this review, we discussed the influence of the gut microbiota in the infection of diarrhea pathogens, and updated the research of reshaping the gut microbiota to prevent or treat diarrhea for the past few years. Together, gut microbiota manipulation is of great significance to the prevention and treatment of diarrhea, and further insight into the function of the gut microbiota will help to discover more anti-diarrhea probiotics.

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“…Expression of the brp exopolysaccharide operon mediates surface adherence of V. vulnificus, and the presence of ops and rut sites in the leader region suggests RfaH-dependent antitermination (Chodur and Rowe-Magnus, 2018). S. enterica serovar Typhimurium is a primary enteric pathogen infecting both humans and animals and a major cause of diarrheal diseases, with antibiotic resistance on the rise (Fàbrega and Vila, 2013;Knodler and Elfenbein, 2019). Salmonella harbors five pathogenicity islands (SPI) required for infection in vertebrate hosts.…”

Section: Nusg Paralogs and Virulencementioning

confidence: 99%

NusG, an Ancient Yet Rapidly Evolving Transcription Factor

Wang

Artsimovitch

2021

Front. Microbiol.

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Timely and accurate RNA synthesis depends on accessory proteins that instruct RNA polymerase (RNAP) where and when to start and stop transcription. Among thousands of transcription factors, NusG/Spt5 stand out as the only universally conserved family of regulators. These proteins interact with RNAP to promote uninterrupted RNA synthesis and with diverse cellular partners to couple transcription to RNA processing, modification or translation, or to trigger premature termination of aberrant transcription. NusG homologs are present in all cells that utilize bacterial-type RNAP, from endosymbionts to plants, underscoring their ancient and essential function. Yet, in stark contrast to other core RNAP components, NusG family is actively evolving: horizontal gene transfer and sub-functionalization drive emergence of NusG paralogs, such as bacterial LoaP, RfaH, and UpxY. These specialized regulators activate a few (or just one) operons required for expression of antibiotics, capsules, secretion systems, toxins, and other niche-specific macromolecules. Despite their common origin and binding site on the RNAP, NusG homologs differ in their target selection, interacting partners and effects on RNA synthesis. Even among housekeeping NusGs from diverse bacteria, some factors promote pause-free transcription while others slow the RNAP down. Here, we discuss structure, function, and evolution of NusG proteins, focusing on unique mechanisms that determine their effects on gene expression and enable bacterial adaptation to diverse ecological niches.

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Salmonella enterica

Cited by 77 publications

References 9 publications

Characteristics of Salmonella From Chinese Native Chicken Breeds Fed on Conventional or Antibiotic-Free Diets

Characteristics of Salmonella From Chinese Native Chicken Breeds Fed on Conventional or Antibiotic-Free Diets

Gut Microbiota and Diarrhea: An Updated Review

NusG, an Ancient Yet Rapidly Evolving Transcription Factor

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