Salmon Protamine Decreases Serum and Liver Lipid Contents by Inhibiting Lipid Absorption in an <i>In Vitro</i> Gastrointestinal Digestion Model and in Rats

Hosomi, Ryôta; Miyauchi, Kazumasa; Yamamoto, Daiki; Arai, Hirofumi; Nishiyama, Toshimasa; Yoshida, Minoru; Fukunaga, Kohji

doi:10.1111/1750-3841.13003

Cited by 10 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The fecal excretion of cholesterol was significantly higher in the protamine or RPR groups than in the control group, and fecal bile acid excretion significantly increased in the protamine and RPR-treated animals when compared with the controls ( Figure 5 c). These findings suggest that the hypocholesterolemic action of RPR or protamine is related to the inhibition of intestinal cholesterol absorption and was measured by the increase in fecal steroid excretion, similar to previous findings [ 14 , 19 ]. Regarding cholesterol metabolism, we evaluated the mRNA levels of SREBP2, HMGCR, and LDLR.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…These effects show that protamine is a strong candidate for inhibiting lipid adsorption [ 11 , 12 ]. Protamine exhibits both hypocholesterolemic and anti-obesity effects in rats fed a HFD [ 13 , 14 , 15 ]. However, the active peptide and molecular mechanism of protamine’s anti-obesity and hypocholesterolemic actions have not yet been elucidated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anti-Obesity and Hypocholesterolemic Actions of Protamine-Derived Peptide RPR (Arg-Pro-Arg) and Protamine in High-Fat Diet-Induced C57BL/6J Mice

et al. 2021

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Dietary protamine can ameliorate hyperlipidemia; however, the protamine-derived active peptide and its hypolipidemic mechanism of action are unclear. Here, we report the discovery of a novel anti-obesity and hypocholesterolemic peptide, RPR (Arg-Pro-Arg), derived from protamine in mice fed a high-fat diet for 50 days. Serum cholesterol levels were significantly lower in the protamine and RPR groups than in the control group. White adipose tissue weight was significantly decreased in the protamine and RPR groups. The fecal excretion of cholesterol and bile acid was significantly higher in the protamine and RPR groups than in the control group. We also observed a significant decrease in the expression of hepatic SCD1, SREBP1, and adipocyte FAS mRNA, and significantly increased expression of hepatic PPARα and adipocyte PPARγ1 mRNA in the protamine group. These findings demonstrate that the anti-obesity effects of protamine are linked to the upregulation of adipocyte PPARγ1 and hepatic PPARα and the downregulation of hepatic SCD1 via SREBP1 and adipocyte FAS. RPR derived from protamine has a crucial role in the anti-obesity action of protamine by evaluating the effective dose of adipose tissue weight loss.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-Obesity and Hypocholesterolemic Actions of Protamine-Derived Peptide RPR (Arg-Pro-Arg) and Protamine in High-Fat Diet-Induced C57BL/6J Mice

et al. 2021

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“…and liver cholesterol contents, whereas the diet containing 11.8 g/kg PG decreased serum TAG and liver cholesterol contents. Previous studies reported that diets containing 200 g/kg soybean β-conglycinin (29), 50 g/kg salmon protamine (30), and 40 g/kg sericin (31) reduced the lipid content in the serum and liver compared with a 200 g/kg casein diet. In the present study, decreased serum and liver lipid contents were produced with 12.5 g/kg PH or 11.8 g/kg PG diets, which is lower than in other studies.…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Porcine hemoglobin promotes lipid excretion to feces more strongly than globin protein in rats

Hosomi

Arai

Kanda

et al. 2016

Food Sci Biotechnol

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In an effort to clarify whether the lipid-lowering effect of hemoglobin is due to globin protein or heme, this study investigated the effects of dietary porcine hemoglobin (PH) and porcine globin (PG) on lipids contents of serum, liver, and feces in rats. Five-week-old male Wistar rats were divided into 3 dietary groups of 7 rats each, with one group receiving a control diet and the other groups receiving diets containing 1.25% (w/w) PH or 1.18% (w/w) PG for 4 weeks. The PH diet decreased triacylglycerol content in serum and cholesterol in serum and liver, whereas the PG diet reduced triacylglycerol content in serum and cholesterol in liver. Fecal lipid excretion in the PH group was significantly higher than in the PG group. Therefore, PH affected lipid excretion to feces due to globin protein as well as heme.

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“…Highly nutritious lean fish protein is abundantly present in fish and consumed worldwide including in processed foods such as artificial crab, kamaboko (fish cakes), and fish sausages. Previously, studies from our laboratory and others showed that fish proteins from Alaska pollock, tuna, and tuna dark muscle, ameliorate hypercholesterolemia and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (Hosomi et al., 2015, 2017; Maeda et al., 2017) and prevent obesity, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertension (Drotningsvik et al., 2018; Oishi & Dohmoto, 2009; Yathisha, Bhat, Karunasagar, & Mamatha, 2019). In addition, cod protein reduced fasting and postprandial glucose levels and increased peripheral insulin sensitivity compared to casein, in rats fed a high‐sucrose diet (Lavigne, Marette, & Jacques, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Dietary Alaska pollock protein alters insulin sensitivity and gut microbiota composition in rats

Hosomi

Nishimoto

Kobayashi

et al. 2020

Journal of Food Science

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Fish protein is not only nutritional but also promotes health by improving insulin sensitivity and hypercholesterolemia. Few studies have examined the relationship between gut microbiota and the enhanced insulin sensitivity due to the intake of Alaska pollock protein (APP). Hence, we assessed the glycolytic enzyme inhibitory activity of APP in in vitro study and the alteration of blood glucose level in insulin tolerance test (ITT) and glucose tolerance test (GTT) and gut microbiota following APP intake in the in vivo study. In initial experiments, the glycolytic enzyme (α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and sucrase) inhibitory activities of APP and its digest were not drastically altered compared with that of casein and its digests. In further experiments, rats fed an AIN-93G diet containing 20% (w/w) casein or APP for 8 weeks, and the composition of fecal microbiota analyzed by 16S rRNA amplicon sequence analysis. In addition, at 6 and 7 weeks of administration of experimental diet, insulin and glucose tolerance tests were evaluated, respectively. Compared with dietary casein, dietary APP has blood glucose-lowering activity as evident in the ITT and GTT. Moreover, APP group altered the structure of fecal microbiota, and area under the curves of the ITT and GTT and the relative abundance of Blautia, which is associated with glucose metabolism, tended to be positively correlated (P = 0.08 and 0.10, respectively). This study illustrates a novel finding that APP intake could alter the composition of gut microbiota and improve insulin sensitivity.

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Salmon Protamine Decreases Serum and Liver Lipid Contents by Inhibiting Lipid Absorption in an In Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion Model and in Rats

Cited by 10 publications

References 41 publications

Anti-Obesity and Hypocholesterolemic Actions of Protamine-Derived Peptide RPR (Arg-Pro-Arg) and Protamine in High-Fat Diet-Induced C57BL/6J Mice

Anti-Obesity and Hypocholesterolemic Actions of Protamine-Derived Peptide RPR (Arg-Pro-Arg) and Protamine in High-Fat Diet-Induced C57BL/6J Mice

Porcine hemoglobin promotes lipid excretion to feces more strongly than globin protein in rats

Dietary Alaska pollock protein alters insulin sensitivity and gut microbiota composition in rats

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