Saliviruses-the first knowledge about a newly discovered human picornavirus

Abstract

The salivirus, first discovered in the year 2009, is a member of the large and growing family Picornaviridae. At present, the genus Salivirus contains 1 species Salivirus A and 2 genotypes, Salivirus A1 and Salivirus A2. Salivirus has been identified in humans and chimpanzees and may cause acute gastroenteritis in humans, having been detected in 0% to 8.7% of fecal samples collected from gastroenteritis in different human populations. Salivirus is ubiquitous in wastewater of human origin and river water specimens worldwide and represents a potential indicator human RNA virus for monitoring of environmental samples. This review summarizes the current knowledge on saliviruses including discovery, taxonomy, genome structure, and genetic diversity; covers all aspects of infection including epidemiology, molecular epidemiology, clinical feature, host species, environmental characteristics, and laboratory diagnosis; and gives a summary of possible future perspectives.

Viruses in Vietnamese Patients Presenting with Community-Acquired Sepsis of Unknown Cause

“…mNGS detected several recently discovered viruses (Saffold virus, salivirus A, WU polyomavirus, gemycircularvirus, and HPgV-2), representing their first detection in Vietnam and adding to the growing literature about the geographic distribution of these newly identified viruses. Salivirus A has been linked to gastrointestinal infection, and Saffold virus has been reported in gastrointestinal and respiratory infection patients (34–37). Saffold virus has also been reported to be associated with myocarditis and aseptic meningitis (38, 39).…”

Gut Susceptibility to Viral Invasion: Contributing Roles of Diet, Microbiota and Enteric Nervous System to Mucosal Barrier Preservation

“…Eukaryotic viruses of the gastrointestinal microbiota. Adapted from [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. (a) This type of virus is also detected in healthy/asymptomatic hosts.…”

Environmental Aspects and Features of Critical Pathogen Groups

“…Besides classic enteric viruses, recent studies have focused on the identification of emerging or newly identified viruses, e.g. polyomavirus, papillomavirus, Aichi viruses, saliviruses (Itta et al, 2016;Reuter et al, 2016) associated with water and wastewater. Enteric viruses are associated with a variety of diseases such as gastroenteritis, hepatitis, myocarditis, and meningitis in humans (Table 2).…”