Salivette, a relevant saliva sampling device for SARS-CoV-2 detection

Costa, Monique Melo; Nicolas, B.; Dormoi, Jérôme; Amalvict, Rémy; Gomez, Nicolas; Tissot‐Dupont, Hervé; Million, Matthieu; Pradines, Bruno; Granjeaud, Samuel; Alméras, Lionel

doi:10.1080/20002297.2021.1920226

Cited by 25 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Salivette ® cotton rolls were prepared as previously described [15]. If the retrieved saliva volume, after centrifugation, was less than 150 µL, 500 µL of ultra-pure water were loaded at the top of the cotton roll and the Salivette ® was then once again centrifuged at 1500× g for 2 min at 4 • C. The addition of ultra-pure water was done to 25 saliva samples.…”

Section: Saliva Sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a previous study, we demonstrated the performance of a new saliva collection system, consisting in roll cotton and called Salivette ® (Neutral Salivettes ® , SARSTEDT, Numbrecht, Germany) as a homogeneous saliva collection system to diagnose COVID-19 by RT-qPCR [15]. The same protocol applied for SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis in a previous study [15] revealed a significantly higher sensitivity for SARS-CoV-2 detection in saliva collected with Salivettes compared to NPS. The only difference between this previous study and the present one was the realization of mouth washing prior to saliva collection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Mouth Washing Impaired SARS-CoV-2 Detection in Saliva

et al. 2021

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Background: A previous study demonstrated the performance of the Salivette® (SARSTEDT, Numbrecht, Germany) as a homogeneous saliva collection system to diagnose COVID-19 by RT-qPCR, notably for symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. However, for convalescent patients, the corroboration of molecular detection of SARS-CoV-2 in paired nasopharyngeal swabs (NPS) and saliva samples was unsatisfactory. Objectives: The aim of the present work was to assess the concordance level of SARS-CoV-2 detection between paired sampling of NPSs and saliva collected with Salivette® at two time points, with ten days of interval. Results: A total of 319 paired samples from 145 outpatients (OP) and 51 healthcare workers (HW) were collected. Unfortunately, at day ten, 73 individuals were lost to follow-up, explaining some kinetic missing data. Due to significant waiting rates at hospitals, most of the patients ate and/or drank while waiting for their turn. Consequently, mouth washing was systematically proposed prior to saliva collection. None of the HW were diagnosed as SARS-CoV-2 positive using NPS or saliva specimens at both time points (n = 95) by RT-qPCR. The virus was detected in 56.3% (n = 126/224) of the NPS samples from OP, but solely 26.8% (n = 60/224) of the paired saliva specimens. The detection of the internal cellular control, the human RNase P, in more than 98% of the saliva samples, underlined that the low sensitivity of saliva specimens (45.2%) for SARS-CoV-2 detection was not attributed to an improper saliva sample storing or RNA extraction. Conclusions: This work revealed that mouth washing decreased viral load of buccal cavity conducting to impairment of SARS-CoV-2 detection. Viral loads in saliva neo-produced appeared insufficient for molecular detection of SARS-CoV-2. At the time when saliva tests could be a rapid, simple and non-invasive strategy to assess large scale schoolchildren in France, the determination of the performance of saliva collection becomes imperative to standardize procedures.

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Section: Saliva Sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Mouth Washing Impaired SARS-CoV-2 Detection in Saliva

et al. 2021

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“…Here, a larger series yielded results in less than 10 min and sensitivity was 96.7% when buccal sampling was supervised, compared to 60.7% when buccal sampling was not supervised. In fact, two min were required to appropriately collect saliva and mucosal buccal material [ 16 ]; a duration which could not be ensured in non-supervised procedure. Our interpretation is that standardization of the sample; and its supervision by trained personal, are the keys to success.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, isothermal amplification applied to saliva samples has also proved promising on a limited series of COVID-19 patients [ 15 ]. Moreover, it was recently demonstrated that saliva collection with a roll cotton improved significantly the molecular detection of SARS-CoV-2 compared to nasopharyngeal swab (NPS) specimens [ 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid Isothermal Amplification for the Buccal Detection SARS-CoV-2 in the Context of Out-Patient COVID-19 Screening

Bouam

Vincent

Glass

et al. 2021

JCM

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A commercially available isothermal amplification of SARS-CoV-2 RNA was applied to self-collected saliva samples using dry dental cotton rolls, which were held in the mouth for two minutes. Of 212 tests, isothermal amplification yielded three (0.14%) invalid results, 120 (56.6%) positive results and 89 (42%) negative results. Compared to reference RT-PCR assays routinely performed simultaneously on nasopharyngeal swabs, excluding the three invalid isothermal amplification assays and one RT-PCR invalid assay, these figures indicated that 119/123 (96.7%) samples were positive in both methods and 85/85 samples were negative in both methods. Four positive buccal swabs which were missed by the isothermal amplification, exhibited Ct values of 26–34 in reference RT-PCR assays. Positive isothermal amplification detection was achieved in less than 10 min. Supervision of the self-sampling procedure was key to achieve these performances. These data support the proposal to use the protocol reported in this paper, including supervised buccal self-sampling, to screen people suspected of having COVID-19 at the point of care.

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“…A high concordance rate in the detection of respiratory viruses using molecular assays [15] between saliva and nasopharyngeal samples, including coronaviruses, has been demonstrated [16]. Although the clinical diagnosis of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) using saliva samples remains controversial, the comparison of nasopharyngeal and saliva paired-samples showed that SARS-CoV-2 was detected equivalently or better in saliva [17][18][19]. The identification of SARS-CoV-2 proteins in gargle solutions from patients with COVID-19 infection by a MS-method confirmed the local presence of viral proteins [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization and Standardization of Human Saliva Collection for MALDI-TOF MS

et al. 2021

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SARS-CoV-2 outbreak led to unprecedented innovative scientific research to preclude the virus dissemination and limit its impact on life expectancy. Waiting for the collective immunity by vaccination, mass-testing, and isolation of positive cases remain essential. The development of a diagnosis method requiring a simple and non-invasive sampling with a quick and low-cost approach is on demand. We hypothesized that the combination of saliva specimens with MALDI-TOF MS profiling analyses could be the winning duo. Before characterizing MS saliva signatures associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, optimization and standardization of sample collection, preparation and storage up to MS analyses appeared compulsory. In this view, successive experiments were performed on saliva from healthy healthcare workers. Specimen sampling with a roll cotton of Salivette® devices appeared the most appropriate collection mode. Saliva protein precipitation with organic buffers did not improved MS spectra profiles compared to a direct loading of samples mixed with acetonitrile/formic acid buffer onto MS plate. The assessment of sample storage conditions and duration revealed that saliva should be stored on ice until MS analysis, which should occur on the day of sampling. Kinetic collection of saliva highlighted reproducibility of saliva MS profiles over four successive days and also at two-week intervals. The intra-individual stability of saliva MS profiles should be a key factor in the future investigation for biomarkers associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, the singularity of MS profiles between individuals will require the development of sophisticated bio-statistical analyses such as machine learning approaches. MALDI-TOF MS profiling of saliva could be a promising PCR-free tool for SARS-CoV-2 screening.

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Salivette, a relevant saliva sampling device for SARS-CoV-2 detection

Cited by 25 publications

References 68 publications

Mouth Washing Impaired SARS-CoV-2 Detection in Saliva

Mouth Washing Impaired SARS-CoV-2 Detection in Saliva

Rapid Isothermal Amplification for the Buccal Detection SARS-CoV-2 in the Context of Out-Patient COVID-19 Screening

Optimization and Standardization of Human Saliva Collection for MALDI-TOF MS

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