Salivary Stress Markers, Stress, and Periodontitis: A Pilot Study

Rai, Balwant; Kaur, Jasdeep; Anand, Shweta; Jacobs, Reinhilde

doi:10.1902/jop.2010.100319

Cited by 96 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Stress is an important risk factor in periodontitis, as shown in our previous studies (15)(16)(17). Stress is induced in an isolated environment and in an international, multicultural work atmosphere (16)(17)(18)(19); however, the harsh environment might have caused stress during this mission. Decreases in immunoglobulin levels might have been due to compromised mucosal immunity (20).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Periodontal status, salivary immunoglobulin, and microbial counts after short exposure to an isolated environment

Rai¹,

Kaur²

2013

J Oral Sci

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Salivary flow rate, immunoglobulin, and periodontal status were affected during a simulated Skylab mission. The effect is more prominent after long-duration space flights and can persist for several weeks after landing. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of a simulated Mars environment on periodontal status and levels of salivary microorganisms and immunoglobulins in the human oral cavity. Twelve healthy male volunteers were studied before, at 1 and 2 weeks, and after completion of a mission in an isolated, confined simulated Mars environment at the Mars Desert Research Station, USA. We conducted a current stress test, measured salivary immunoglobulin, cortisol, α-amylase, salivary flow rate, and levels of plaque and salivary microbes, and assessed clinical periodontal parameters (probing depth, bleeding on probing, and clinical loss of attachment). Salivary IgG levels and Streptococcus mutans activity were significantly higher at 1 week. Values for clinical periodontal parameters (probing depth, bleeding on probing, and clinical loss of attachment) significantly differed at 1 week. Stress might be caused by the difficulty of the mission rather than the isolated environment, as mission duration was quite short. Periodontal condition might worsen due to poor oral hygiene during the mission. The present findings show that all periodontal conditions and levels of oral bacteria and stress after completion of the simulated Mars mission differed from those at baseline. To verify the relationship between stress status and periodontal health in simulated Mars missions, future studies using larger patient samples and longer follow-up will be required. (J Oral Sci 55, 139-143, 2013)

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Periodontal status, salivary immunoglobulin, and microbial counts after short exposure to an isolated environment

Rai¹,

Kaur²

2013

J Oral Sci

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“…In general, the analysis of the studies revealed a positive association between stress and periodontal disease. Unlike the previous review by Peruzzo et al [9], we identified one cohort study [41] that suggested persuasive evidence of psychological distress and social support as risk factors.The positive association was derived predominantly from prospective clinical trial [42], cross-sectional [16,17,[28][29][30][31]33,37] and case-control studies [38][39][40]. One crosssectional study by Forte et al [32] did not reproduce a positive finding.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Twelve studies were cross-sectional [16,17,[28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37], three were casecontrol [38][39][40] studies, one was a cohort study [41] and two were prospective clinical trial [4,42] studies, comprising 5051 individuals. Two of the studies were conducted only with women [16,34], and two studies did not mention the gender distribution [29,31].…”

Section: Description Of the Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two of the studies were conducted only with women [16,34], and two studies did not mention the gender distribution [29,31]. In most of the studies [4,17,[28][29][30]37,38,[40][41][42], the participants were patients at a university periodontal clinic or private dental practice. Five studies [31,33,35,36,41] were epidemiological surveys involving the residents in a particular area or a randomly selected general population.…”

Section: Description Of the Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Is Psychological Stress a Possible Risk Factor for Periodontal Disease? A Systematic Review

Halawany¹

2015

J Psychiatry

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Background: Observations from several epidemiologic and clinical studies suggest that psychological stress has a role in the etiology and progression of periodontal diseases (PD). The aim of the present study was to systematically analyze the influence of stress on periodontal disease reported in various case control, cross sectional and prospective clinical trials. The focused question analyzed in this systematic review was whether there is sufficient evidence to consider stress as risk factor for periodontal disease.

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“…Reduction of salivary flow may also occur because of stress [21]. Rai et al observed a positive association between the stress score and salivary stress markers, such as cortisol [33]. The depressed individuals showed higher concentrations of cortisol in the gingival fluid, responding in an inadequate way to the treatment for periodontal disease.…”

Section: Risk Factors Associated To Periodontal Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Periodontal Disease: General Aspects from Biofilm to the Immune Response Driven by Periodontal Pathogens

Degasperi¹,

Etchegaray²,

Marcelino³

et al. 2018

AiM

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Periodontal disease is of inflammatory origin and affects the dental support tissues. The initial phase is characterized by the accumulation of biofilm, which is a predisposing factor for several oral pathologies. The combination of extrinsic factors such as lack of hygiene, smoking and diet, and intrinsic factors such as genetics, and major changes in the immune response associated with immune escape mechanisms of biofilm constituents are crucial to the development and progression of the disease, which when untreated entails local irreversible consequences that can lead to systemic changes. In this brief review, we describe general aspects of periodontal disease, its risk factors and ways of preventing the disease. In particular, we discuss some of the mechanisms of immune response to periodontal pathogens, as well as the escape mechanisms of these microorganisms.

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Salivary Stress Markers, Stress, and Periodontitis: A Pilot Study

Cited by 96 publications

References 25 publications

Periodontal status, salivary immunoglobulin, and microbial counts after short exposure to an isolated environment

Periodontal status, salivary immunoglobulin, and microbial counts after short exposure to an isolated environment

Is Psychological Stress a Possible Risk Factor for Periodontal Disease? A Systematic Review

Periodontal Disease: General Aspects from Biofilm to the Immune Response Driven by Periodontal Pathogens

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