Salivary Oxidative Stress Increases with the Progression of Chronic Heart Failure

Abstract

The aim of the study was to evaluate the rate of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, antioxidant barrier, and oxidative damage in non-stimulated (NWS) and stimulated (SWS) saliva as well as plasma/erythrocytes of 50 patients with chronic heart failure (HF) divided into the two subgroups: NYHA II (33 patients) and NYHA III (17 patients). The activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase was statistically increased in NWS of HF patients as compared to healthy controls. The free radical formation, total oxidant status, level of uric acid, advanced glycation end products (AGE), advanced oxidation protein products and malondialdehyde was significantly elevated in NWS, SWS, and plasma of NYHA III patients as compared to NYHA II and controls. We were the first to demonstrate that with the progression of HF, disturbances of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defense, and oxidative damage to proteins and lipids occur at both central (plasma/erythrocytes) and local (saliva) levels. In the study group, we also observed a decrease in saliva secretion, total salivary protein and salivary amylase activity compared to age- and gender-matched control group, which indicates secretory dysfunction of salivary glands in patients with HF. Salivary AGE may be a potential biomarker in differential diagnosis of HF.

A Case-Control Study of Salivary Redox Homeostasis in Hypertensive Children. Can Salivary Uric Acid be a Marker of Hypertension?

“…It is well known that α-amylase is one of the most important salivary proteins. It is also a recognized biomarker of salivary gland damage [35,67]. During stimulation, over 60% of saliva is produced by parotid glands [33,59].…”

“…Therefore, children with hypertension suffer from hypofunction of these salivary glands. As a result of hyposalivation, the processes of enamel demineralization and the development of dental caries may intensify [20,65,67]. Thus, children with hypertension should receive additional dental care.…”

“…Hypotensive drugs may also be responsible for reduced saliva secretion. Indeed, pharmacological treatment can affect sodium and potassium transporters in the secretory cells as well as change the electrolyte composition of saliva [4,67]. Moreover, the use of three or more drugs significantly increases the frequency of xerostomia and hyposalivation [29,30].…”

A Longitudinal Study of the Antioxidant Barrier and Oxidative Stress in Morbidly Obese Patients after Bariatric Surgery. Does the Metabolic Syndrome Affect the Redox Homeostasis of Obese People?

“…Recently, there has been a growing interest in the use of redox biomarkers in the diagnosis of various systemic diseases [19,36,[63][64][65][66][67][68][69]. This is not surprising because oxidative stress plays a key role not only in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases/cancers but also many metabolic diseases such as insulin resistance, hypertension, diabetes and metabolic syndrome [40].…”

Testing for Ketoprofen Binding to HSA Coated Magnetic Nanoparticles under Normal Conditions and after Oxidative Stress

“…The effect of ROS action on body components such as proteins is called oxidative stress. It accompanies many diseases related to inflammation, autoimmune response, invasive surgery, or even during intensive exercise [4][5][6]. HSA can be modified by the action of oxidative stress at various places in the structure and by different ROS.…”