SALIVARY Na, K AND Cl SECRETION RATES: RELATIONSHIP TO A FLUID GENERATION MECHANISM

Self Cite

A series of experiments were carried out to determine the effect of the rate of gland function on parotid saliva fluoride levels in the human. Means for fluoride for stimulated parotid saliva ranged from 0.012 to 0.02 ppm. These are much lower levels than those previously reported for whole saliva and support other electrode analyses recently reported. In a 3-hour experiment involving continuous exogenous stimulation, salivary fluoride levels showed no alterations suggestive of depletion. Significantly higher levels of fluoride were found in parotid saliva collected without exogenous stimulation. It is suggested that the glandular mechanisms responsible for these observations are purely passive in nature with the fluoride ion probably moving in bulk flow with the fluid of secretion as it is generated by the secretory cells. However, the exact mechanisms which govern absolute saliva fluoride levels remain obscure.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Rate of Gland Function on Parotid Saliva Fluoride Concentration in the Human

Shannon¹,

Suddick²,

Edmonds³

1973

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“…After collection, tubes were capped, weighed, and frozen at -20°C. The volume of saliva was determined gravimetrically [Suddick and Shannon, 1970]. These and all remaining animals were then killed by carbon dioxide asphyxiation.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Chronic Clonidine Administration on Salivary Glands and Caries in the Rat

Watson

Pearson²,

Bowen

2000

Clonidine is a widely prescribed, centrally acting antihypertensive with proposed pharmacologic mechanisms of stimulation of central postsynaptic α₂–adrenergic receptors and agonist activity at presynaptic α₂–adrenergic receptors, interfering with peripheral regulation of norepinephrine and acetylcholine release. Both of these mechanisms are capable of adversely influencing salivary output and composition, potentially leaving an individual with increased caries risk. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of chronic administration of clonidine on saliva, salivary glands, and caries in rats. Sprague–Dawley rat pups were infected with Streptococcus sobrinus, given Diet 2000 and 10% sucrose water ad libitum, and either desalivated, or treated with clonidine HCl (125 or 250 μg/kg administered daily for 28 days by means of osmotic minipumps), or assigned as controls. There were no statistical differences in stimulated parotid or submandibular gland salivary output or sublingual gland weights among the groups. The weight of the submandibular glands as a percent of total body weight was significantly decreased in animals that received clonidine when compared with controls. Sulcal caries scores in both clonidine groups and smooth surface caries scores in the high clonidine group were increased when compared with control animals. Positive control animals (desalivated) had significantly higher caries scores than all other groups. These data show that chronic administration of clonidine significantly decreases submandibular gland weight and increases susceptibility to dental caries.

“…All samples were frozen immediately at -20°C. Salivary gland output (pl/gland/min) was cal culated from the saliva weights [Suddick and Shannon, 1970], The concentration of lithium in saliva was not measured.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Composition and Flow Rate of Saliva and Caries Development in Young Rats following Administration of Lithium

O’Connell

Bowen²

1994

Lithium carbonate (Li₂CO₃), an antipsychotic medication, was investigated to determine the effects on the stimulated flow and composition of saliva and on caries development in rats. Lithium carbonate was delivered via osmotic pumps at 10,15 and 60 mg/kg/day. All animals were infected with Streptococcus sobrinus 6715 and fed a cariogenic diet. Lithium administration exerted a caries-protective effect on sulcal surfaces, though the reduction in caries scores was statistically significant only for the groups receiving Li₂CO₃ at 10 and 60 mg/kg/day compared to control animals (p ± 0.05, ANOVA). There were no detectable alterations in protein concentration, electrophoretic profiles, or flow rates of stimulated parotid and submandibular saliva associated with the decreased sulcal caries incidence. Weight gain, water consumption and the populations of total cultivable flora recovered were not influenced by the administration of lithium. Investigation into the mechanims of the sulcal caries reduction will require further exploration of changes caused by lithium on salivary gland function.