Salivary markers of oxidative stress and periodontal pathogens in patients with periodontitis from Santander, Colombia

Abstract

Introduction: Periodontitis affects more than 20% of the Latin American population.Oxidative markers are associated with greater progression of periodontitis; therefore, its role in pathogenesis should be studied.Objective: To determine the prevalence of the main oral bacteria and viruses associated with periodontitis and estimate the total antioxidant capacity and lipid peroxidation in saliva from patients with periodontitis.Materials and methods: We conducted systemically a cross-sectional study in 101 healthy subjects, 87 of whom had been diagnosed with periodontitis (P), according to the criteria of the Centers of Disease Control and Prevention and the American Academy of Periodontology, and 14 without periodontal pockets as controls (C). In subgingival samples, major viruses and dental pathogenic bacteria were identified using PCR techniques. The levels of total antioxidant capacity and malon-di-aldehyde (MDA) were determined by spectrophotometry in samples of unstimulated saliva.Results: The mean of periodontal depth pocket and clinical attachment loss in patients with periodontitis was 5.6 ± 1.7 and 6.1 ± 3.1 mm, respectively. The most prevalent microorganisms were Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (32.5%) and Porphyromonas gingivalis (18.6%). The patients from rural areas showed a higher percentage of A. actinomycetemcomitans (urban: 17.9% vs. rural: 48.9%, p=0.0018). In patients with periodontitis, the frequency of EBV, HSV1 & 2, and HCMV genes was 2.3%. Periodontitis patients had higher levels of MDA (P: 2.1 ± 1.5; C: 0.46 ± 0.3 μmol/g protein; p=0.0001) and total antioxidant capacity (P: 0.32 ± 0.2; C: 0.15 ± 0.1 mM; p< 0.0036). Oxidative markers showed no modifications due to the presence of periodontopathic bacteria.Conclusions: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans was the most prevalent bacteria; its presence did not modify the levels of oxidative markers in the saliva of patients with periodontitis.

Connections between Exoproteome Heterogeneity and Virulence in the Oral Pathogen Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans

“…This disease impacts heavily on people’s quality of life, as it will inevitably lead to tooth loss if left untreated. The Gram-negative, nonmotile, facultative anaerobic bacterial pathogen Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is strongly associated with aggressive (grade C) periodontitis in young individuals and adolescents ( 1 – 3 ), and it is one of the most prevalent microorganisms in patients with periodontitis ( 4 ). Importantly, A. actinomycetemcomitans has been associated with serious nonoral infections, such as endocarditis and brain abscesses ( 5 , 6 ).…”

Review of salivary antioxidants and their barriers

“…It has also been observed that Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, an oral pathogen, secretes a leukotoxin that can bind to the copper and zinc isozymes of SOD, inhibiting its activity against ROS. 17,18 This indicates that other oral pathogens might produce molecules that serve as defense mechanisms to disrupt the antioxidant barrier. Research into these molecules can help develop treatments that prevent antioxidant levels from becoming depleted, thereby strengthening the antioxidant barrier.…”

Сучасні Підходи До Діагностики Негативного Впливу Незнімного Зубного Протезування На Тканини Пародонта Та Його Профілактики (Огляд Літератури)

“…Доведено, що зміни показників пероксидного окиснення ліпідів (ПОЛ) та АОЗ у слині є більш чутливими до впливу негативних факторів, ніж аналогічні показники крові [10]. Результати численних досліджень ротової рідини пацієнтів із ЗТП показали процес активації ПОЛ, що проявлявся збільшенням вмісту малонового альдегіду відносно аналогічного показника в практично здорових осіб, виснаження неферментативної (тіоли) і ферментативної ланок АОЗ (супероксиддисмутаза, глутатіонпероксидаза та каталаза) [11][12][13][14].…”