Salivary markers of hepato-metabolic comorbidities in pediatric obesity

Troisi, Jacopo; Belmonte, F.; Bisogno, A.; Lausi, O.; Marcianò, F.; Cavallo, Pierpaolo; Nuzio, Salvatore Guercio; Landolfi, Annamaria; Pierri, Luca; Vajro, Pietro

doi:10.1016/j.dld.2018.11.009

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The involved metabolic processes include the following: de novo fatty acid biosynthesis; saturated fatty acid beta-oxidation; butanoate metabolism; glycolysis and gluconeogenesis; tricarboxylic acid cycle; urea cycle; metabolism of proline, glutamate, aspartate and asparagine; valine, leucine and isoleucine (BCAA) degradation; aminosugar metabolism; purine metabolism; and glycerophospholipid metabolism. Overall, this information, along with that of other recent progress regarding the study of salivary simple analytes [4], trace elements [59], major adipocytokines [60,61], and specific microRNAs [62], reinforces the idea that saliva will soon represent a useful tool for deepening pathomechanismistic aspects, noninvasive diagnosis and monitoring of pediatric and adult individuals with obesity. The early and non-invasive detection of incipient MetS/fatty liver in childhood through salivary metabolomics as described here, therefore, appears as a promising helpful tool to prevent further health hepato-metabolic and cardiovascular complications in adulthood, and ultimately serves to minimize their related global socioeconomic burden.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

“…As recommended by the manufacturer, to stimulate salivation patients, patients were asked to roll and gently chew the cotton swab in their mouth for 60–90 s. Then the swab was spitted in the collection tube of the kit and centrifuged within 1 h at 2000× g for 2 min. The collected clear, fluid saliva sample was aliquoted without any further processing and frozen at −80 °C until samples’ analysis, as previously described [4].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pediatric obesity definitely is an early risk factor for adult morbidity and mortality [2,3]. Due to the existence of a well-established tracking phenomenon, the early detection and treatment of MetS and fatty liver in childhood represents a valuable tool to prevent further health complications and to minimize the global socioeconomic burden of hepato-metabolic and cardiovascular obesity-associated complications in adulthood [4]. Although the exact definition of MetS is still debated regarding the pediatric population, most researchers agree (a) that it includes hypertension, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia together with visceral obesity, and (b) that NAFLD has to be considered its hepatic component.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To identify an even more easily accessible and readily obtained biofluid for possible minimally invasive disease recognition [16], few studies have shown saliva suitability for investigations of individual metabolites of oxidative stress in obesity [17] and obesity-related MetS/NAFLD [4,18]. We showed that salivary testing of uric acid, glucose, insulin and HOMA together with selected anthropometric parameters may help to identify noninvasively obese children with hepatic steatosis and/or having MetS components [4]. However, salivary metabolomics studies in this respect are lacking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metabolomic Salivary Signature of Pediatric Obesity Related Liver Disease and Metabolic Syndrome

et al. 2019

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Pediatric obesity-related metabolic syndrome (MetS) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are increasingly frequent conditions with a still-elusive diagnosis and low-efficacy treatment and monitoring options. In this study, we investigated the salivary metabolomic signature, which has been uncharacterized to date. In this pilot-nested case-control study over a transversal design, 41 subjects (23 obese patients and 18 normal weight (NW) healthy controls), characterized based on medical history, clinical, anthropometric, and laboratory data, were recruited. Liver involvement, defined according to ultrasonographic liver brightness, allowed for the allocation of the patients into four groups: obese with hepatic steatosis ([St+], n = 15) and without hepatic steatosis ([St–], n = 8), and with (n = 10) and without (n = 13) MetS. A partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) model was devised to classify the patients’ classes based on their salivary metabolomic signature. Pediatric obesity and its related liver disease and metabolic syndrome appear to have distinct salivary metabolomic signatures. The difference is notable in metabolites involved in energy, amino and organic acid metabolism, as well as in intestinal bacteria metabolism, possibly reflecting diet, fatty acid synthase pathways, and the strict interaction between microbiota and intestinal mucins. This information expands the current understanding of NAFLD pathogenesis, potentially translating into better targeted monitoring and/or treatment strategies in the future.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metabolomic Salivary Signature of Pediatric Obesity Related Liver Disease and Metabolic Syndrome

et al. 2019

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“…Recently, metabolic salivary markers of hepato-comorbidities have been identified in pediatric obese subjects (210). Troisi et al (210) performed a preliminary study that demonstrated high serum and salivary glucose and insulin levels in obese children with or without MetS.…”

Section: Common Pathogenetic Mechanisms Linking Nafld and Metsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Liver in Children With Metabolic Syndrome

2019

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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is recognized as an emerging health risk in obese children and adolescents. NAFLD represents a wide spectrum of liver conditions, ranging from asymptomatic steatosis to steatohepatitis. The growing prevalence of fatty liver disease in children is associated with an increased risk of metabolic and cardiovascular complications. NAFLD is considered the hepatic manifestation of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) and several lines of evidence have reported that children with NAFLD present one or more features of MetS. The pathogenetic mechanisms explaining the interrelationships between fatty liver disease and MetS are not clearly understood. Altough central obesity and insulin resistance seem to represent the core of the pathophysiology in both diseases, genetic susceptibility and enviromental triggers are emerging as crucial components promoting the development of NAFLD and MetS in children. In the present review we have identified and summarizied studies discussing current pathogenetic data of the association between NAFLD and MetS in children.

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