Salivary Lactate Dehydrogenase, C-Reactive Protein, and Cancer Antigen 125 Levels in Patients with Oral Lichen Planus and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Abstract

Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common malignancy of the oral cavity and oral lichen planus (OLP) is considered a premalignant disease. Objectives: This study aims at comparing the salivary levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), C-reactive protein (CRP), and cancer antigen 125 (CA125) among cases with OSCC, OLP, and healthy persons. Methods: In this case-control study, salivary markers were evaluated in 55 cases (15 patients with OSCC, 20 patients with OLP, and 20 healthy persons); non-stimulated saliva samples were collected from the patients and saliva markers were measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. The data were analyzed, using SPSS 21 software and ANOVA test and P < 0.05 was regarded as significant. Results: Salivary LDH and CA125 levels were significantly higher in OSCC and OLP patients compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Salivary CRP levels were significantly higher in OSCC patients compared to OLP patients (P < 0.05). Besides, salivary CRP levels were higher in OLP subjects than in the control group, but the difference was not significant (P = 0.56). Conclusions: The identification of the salivary LDH, CA125, and CRP may provide a suitable non-invasive predictive tool for malignant changes. However, its use in clinical practice needs further research.

The Role of Salivary C-Reactive Protein in Systemic and Oral Disorders: A Systematic Review

“…Similarly, in a study by Uppal et al ( 39 ) on a sample of 10 leukoplakia patients, 10 Oral Lichen Planus patients, 10 OSMF patients, and 30 healthy age and gender-matched controls it was revealed that sCRP levels are significantly higher among the patients than healthy controls. moreover, sCRP and pCRP levels were significantly correlated among all subjects.As shown by Honarmand et al ( 40 ) in a study on 55 cases (15 patients with OSCC, 20 patients with OLP, and 20 healthy controls), sCRP levels were significantly higher in OSCC patients than OLP patients and were higher in OLP subjects than in the control group, but the difference was not significant. Additionally, Tvarijonaviciute et al ( 41 ) in a sample of 20 patients with OLP,19 with burning mouth syndrome (BMS), and 31 control subjects found that sCRP levels are significantly higher among the OLP patients than in BMS and healthy controls ( 42 , 43 ).…”

Gold nanorod-based multiplex bioanalytical assay for the detection of CYFRA 21-1 and CA-125: towards oral cancer diagnostics

“…8,9 Other clinical observations suggest that the expression of salivary CA-125 for patients with oral premalignant disorder can increase up to $16 U mL À1 and in the case of OSCC the mean salivary CA-125 value can be as high as 320.5 U mL À1 . 10,11 Considering the clinically relevant ranges of the biomarkers, anti-CYFRA-21-1 GNRs(AR-2.1) with LSPR at 620 nm were probed with different concentrations of CYFRA-21-ranging from 0.496-48.4 ng mL À1 and anti-CA-125 GNRs(AR-3.9) with LSPR at 775 nm were probed with CA-125 in the concentration range of 5-320 U mL À1 . The quantitative data obtained from the wide linear detection ranges can aid in the early detection of oral cancer and also promote a better understanding of the disease progression.…”

“…10 Further the salivary concentration of CA-125 can aid in monitoring the progression of oral pre-malignant lesions. 11 Accurate determination of such multiple markers at an early stage can be crucial in customizing therapy and evaluating the treatment response. In this regard, multiplex assay formats can be highly advantageous as they minimize reactions resulting in reduced cost and time.…”