Salivary Human β-Defensin 1-3 and Human α-Defensin-1 Levels in Relation to the Extent of Periodontal Disease and Tooth Loss in the Elderly

Gürsoy, Ulvi Kahraman; Gürsoy, Mervi; Liukkonen, Anna; Suominen, Anna Liisa; Könönen, Eija

doi:10.3390/jcm12030976

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…hBDs can also neutralize the lipopolysaccharide on the membrane of the gram-negative bacteria. 9 On the contrary, bacteria resist by changing their cell envelope structure, nesting in biofilms, cleaving the hBDs, or inhibiting their expression pathways. 23 , 24 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on genomic targeting, the hBD family includes more than 20 defensins, of which types 1 to 4 are expressed in the gingival epithelium. 4 , 9 According to the literature, hBD-1 has a broader range of antimicrobial activity than the other hBDs, and it is effective against both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. 10 Unlike hBD-2 and -3 expression, which depends on bacterial stimulation, hBD-1 has a continuous expression in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), 11 and thus could be considered the frontline of immune system defense when encountered pathogens.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of salivary beta-defensin-1 levels in patients with periodontitis before and after phase I periodontal therapy

Ansari Moghadam,

Pishadast,

Gholami

et al. 2024

J Adv Periodontol Implant Dent

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Background. This study compared human β-defensin 1 (hBD-1) salivary levels in patients with periodontitis before and after phase I periodontal therapy. Methods. This controlled before-and-after study included 16 patients in the intervention group and 28 participants in the control group. Patients in the intervention group had stage 3 grade B periodontitis with no systemic diseases and had not taken any medications in the last six months. The control group included participants with healthy periodontium. Before and after phase I periodontal therapy, salivary samples were collected from the intervention group. ELISA was used to measure hBD-1 levels. Results. Salivary levels of hBD-1 decreased after phase I periodontal treatment in periodontitis patients, approaching those in healthy individuals. However, this reduction was not statistically significant (P=0.389). In patients with a probing depth (PD) of at least 3 mm, salivary levels of hBD-1 decreased significantly (P=0.019) following the intervention. There was no significant correlation between changes in hBD-1 levels and clinical indices, such as clinical attachment loss (CAL), probing depth, or bleeding index (BI) (P˃0.05). Conclusion. The current study demonstrated promising results concerning a probable link between hBD-1 and periodontitis. However, more research with sufficiently large sample sizes and more robust study designs is necessary.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of salivary beta-defensin-1 levels in patients with periodontitis before and after phase I periodontal therapy

Ansari Moghadam,

Pishadast,

Gholami

et al. 2024

J Adv Periodontol Implant Dent

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“…Alterations in salivary neutrophil defensin levels have been associated with oral diseases such as squamous cell carcinoma, lichen planus, glossitis associated with iron deficiency, and mandibular osteomyelitis [102][103][104]. Regarding periodontitis, recent studies have found that the levels of neutrophil defensins in SWS increased progressively with rising numbers of pocketed teeth, which can be observed in both the adult population aged between 40-60 years [105] and the elderly population aged 65 years or more [106]. The consistent elevation of salivary neutrophil defensin in patients with CP suggests its potential utility as a biomarker for periodontitis diagnosis [107].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomics for Discovering Salivary Biomarkers in Periodontitis: A Systematic Review

Hu,

Leung

2023

IJMS

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Periodontitis is one of the primary causes of tooth loss, and is also related to various systemic diseases. Early detection of this condition is crucial when it comes to preventing further oral damage and the associated health complications. This study offers a systematic review of the literature published up to April 2023, and aims to clearly explain the role of proteomics in identifying salivary biomarkers for periodontitis. Comprehensive searches were conducted on PubMed and Web of Science to shortlist pertinent studies. The inclusion criterion was those that reported on mass spectrometry-driven proteomic analyses of saliva samples from periodontitis cohorts, while those on gingivitis or other oral diseases were excluded. An assessment for risk of bias was carried out using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale and Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies or the NIH quality assessment tool, and a meta-analysis was performed for replicable candidate biomarkers, i.e., consistently reported candidate biomarkers (in specific saliva samples, and periodontitis subgroups, reported in ≥2 independent cohorts/reports) were identified. A Gene Ontology enrichment analysis was conducted using the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery bioinformatics resources, which consistently expressed candidate biomarkers, to explore the predominant pathway wherein salivary biomarkers consistently manifested. Of the 15 studies included, 13 were case–control studies targeting diagnostic biomarkers for periodontitis participants (periodontally healthy/diseased, n = 342/432), while two focused on biomarkers responsive to periodontal treatment (n = 26 participants). The case–control studies were considered to have a low risk of bias, while the periodontitis treatment studies were deemed fair. Summary estimate and confidence/credible interval, etc. determination for the identified putative salivary biomarkers could not be ascertained due to the low number of studies in each case. The results from the included case–control studies identified nine consistently expressed candidate biomarkers (from nine studies with 230/297 periodontally healthy/diseased participants): (i) those that were upregulated: alpha-amylase, serum albumin, complement C3, neutrophil defensin, profilin-1, and S100-P; and (ii) those that were downregulated: carbonic anhydrase 6, immunoglobulin J chain, and lactoferrin. All putative biomarkers exhibited consistent regulation patterns. The implications of the current putative marker proteins identified were reviewed, with a focus on their potential roles in periodontitis diagnosis and pathogenesis, and as putative therapeutic targets. Although in its early stages, mass spectrometry-based salivary periodontal disease biomarker proteomics detection appeared promising. More mass spectrometry-based proteomics studies, with or without the aid of already available clinical biochemical approaches, are warranted to aid the discovery, identification, and validation of periodontal health/disease indicator molecule(s). Protocol registration number: CRD42023447722; supported by RD-02-202410 and GRF17119917.

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“…Jurczak et al (2015) indicated a significant relationship between early childhood caries and salivary hBD-2 levels, and they recommended this antimicrobial peptide as a potential disease progression biomarker [ 92 ]. Finally, age may act as a confounding factor in the relation between oral hBD levels and the extent of periodontal destruction [ 93 ].…”

Section: Immune Response Regulation In Head and Neck Cancersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human β-Defensins in Diagnosis of Head and Neck Cancers

Kompuinen

Keskin

Yılmaz

et al. 2023

Cells

Self Cite

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Head and neck cancers are malignant growths with high death rates, which makes the early diagnosis of the affected patients of utmost importance. Over 90% of oral cavity cancers come from squamous cells, and the tongue, oral cavity, and salivary glands are the most common locations for oral squamous cell carcinoma lesions. Human β-defensins (hBDs), which are mainly produced by epithelial cells, are cationic peptides with a wide antimicrobial spectrum. In addition to their role in antimicrobial defense, these peptides also take part in the regulation of the immune response. Recent studies produced evidence that these small antimicrobial peptides are related to the gene and protein expression profiles of tumors. While the suppression of hBDs is a common finding in head and neck cancer studies, opposite findings were also presented. In the present narrative review, the aim will be to discuss the changes in the hBD expression profile during the onset and progression of head and neck cancers. The final aim will be to discuss the use of hBDs as diagnostic markers of head and neck cancers.

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Salivary Human β-Defensin 1-3 and Human α-Defensin-1 Levels in Relation to the Extent of Periodontal Disease and Tooth Loss in the Elderly

Cited by 8 publications

References 28 publications

Comparison of salivary beta-defensin-1 levels in patients with periodontitis before and after phase I periodontal therapy

Comparison of salivary beta-defensin-1 levels in patients with periodontitis before and after phase I periodontal therapy

Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomics for Discovering Salivary Biomarkers in Periodontitis: A Systematic Review

Human β-Defensins in Diagnosis of Head and Neck Cancers

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