Salivary Glycopatterns as Potential Biomarkers for Screening of Early-Stage Breast Cancer

Abstract

ObjectiveWe systematically investigated and assessed the alterations of salivary glycopatterns and possibility as biomarkers for diagnosis of early-stage breast cancer.DesignAlterations of salivary glycopatterns were probed using lectin microarrays and blotting analysis from 337 patients with breast benign cyst or tumor (BB) or breast cancer (I/II stage) and 110 healthy humans. Their diagnostic models were constructed by a logistic stepwise regression in the retrospective cohort. Then, the performance of the diagnostic models were assessed by ROC analysis in the validation cohort. Finally, a double-blind cohort was tested to confirm the application potential of the diagnostic models.ResultsThe diagnostic models were constructed based on 9 candidate lectins (e.g., PHA-E + L, BS-I, and NPA) that exhibited significant alterations of salivary glycopatterns, which achieved better diagnostic powers with an AUC value > 0.750 (p < 0.001) for the diagnosis of BB (AUC: 0.752, sensitivity: 0.600, and specificity: 0.835) and I stage breast cancer (AUC: 0.755, sensitivity: 0.733, and specificity: 0.742) in the validation cohort. The diagnostic model of I stage breast cancer exhibited a high accuracy of 0.902 in double-blind cohort.ConclusionsThis study could contribute to the screening for patients with early-stage breast cancer based on precise alterations of salivary glycopatterns.

Alterations in serum protein glycopatterns related to small cell lung cancer, adenocarcinoma and squamous carcinoma of the lung

“…In breast cancer, the glycans recognized by MAL-I, ECA, NPA, BPL, BS-I, PTL-II, DBA, PNA, PHA-E + L, UEA-I, and PWM showed differential expression. 41 In gastric cancer, the glycans recognized by ECA, PSA, PHA-E + L, HHL, PNA, EEL, MPL, and GSL-I showed differential expression. 31 In hepatic carcinoma, the glycans recognized by MAL-II, SNA, WFA, PNA, and AAL showed differential expression.…”

Salivary Redox Biomarkers in Selected Neurodegenerative Diseases

“…Furthermore, salivary biomarkers have been recognized as those that could be used in early diagnosis of some systemic disorders, such as diabetes mellitus [15], cardiovascular diseases [16], as well as breast cancer [17,18]. However, among all of the biomarkers measured in saliva, it is the indicators of oxidative stress that are becoming increasingly popular.…”

Comparative Glycomics of Immunoglobulin A and G From Saliva and Plasma Reveals Biomarker Potential

“…Moreover, numerous potential salivary protein-, DNA-, RNA-, and small-molecule-based biomarkers for various diseases have been proposed, as recently reviewed ( 4 ). Furthermore, two studies using global lectin-based profiling of glycans in saliva revealed associations with breast cancer and Sjögren's syndrome ( 5 , 6 ).…”