Salivary Glands

Saher, Fizza; Khurshid, Zohaib; Zafar, Muhammad Sohail; Mohammed, Faraz; Khurram, Syed Ali

doi:10.1002/9781119669616.ch9

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 47 publications

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“…The components of saliva differ from one type of gland to another and are also influenced by various physiological and pathological changes, for instance, pregnancy, anemia, and cardiovascular and circulatory diseases [3]. Each component of saliva serves a specific function, especially in maintaining oral health and gastrointestinal digestive functions [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemical Changes in Salivary pH and Its Correlation to Hemoglobin Levels, Calcium and Phosphate Ion Concentrations among Pregnant Women, Tanzania: A Cross-Sectional Study

Mbembela,

Ngarashi,

Nyamuryekung’e

2023

Oral

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Background: Surveys in Tanzania show that pregnant women have a significant burden of oral disease, although there is still little literature on the variation of their intraoral electrolytes. The present study investigated changes in salivary calcium (Ca2+), phosphate (PO43−), and hydrogen (H) ions during pregnancy and the correlation between salivary pH and hemoglobin levels. Methodology: A cross-sectional study involved sixty (60) pregnant women stratified by trimester and twenty (20) non-pregnant women attending an antenatal clinic at Mnazi Mmoja Hospital. Consecutive sampling was used, saliva was collected, and electrolyte levels were measured. Gestation age was the independent variable, whereas saliva pH and calcium and phosphate ion concentrations and hemoglobin levels were the dependent variables. Results: A difference in calcium concentration (z = −3.145, p = 0.001) and salivary pH (t = −2.49, p = 0.014) was observed between pregnant and non-pregnant women. Kruskal–Wallis tests for saliva Ca2+ and PO43− and ANOVA for saliva pH revealed differences in concentrations of saliva Ca2+, PO43−, and pH levels between trimester groups (saliva Ca2+ (H = 9.91, df = 3, p = 0.019), saliva PO43− (H = 12.36, df = 3, p = 0.006), saliva pH (F (3.76) = (16.42); p < 0.001)). Pearson’s correlation tests showed no association between salivary pH and hemoglobin levels. Conclusions: Pregnancy is associated with a reduction in saliva pH and saliva calcium levels with a progressive increase in the magnitude of reduction from the first trimester to the third trimester. Saliva phosphate reduction was noticed during the third trimester only and saliva pH levels were independent of hemoglobin levels.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemical Changes in Salivary pH and Its Correlation to Hemoglobin Levels, Calcium and Phosphate Ion Concentrations among Pregnant Women, Tanzania: A Cross-Sectional Study

Mbembela,

Ngarashi,

Nyamuryekung’e

2023

Oral

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Saliva Exhibits High Sensitivity and Specificity for the Detection of SARS-COV-2

et al. 2021

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In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, it is crucial to assess the application of a multitude of effective diagnostic specimens for conducting mass testing, for accurate diagnosis and to formulate strategies for its prevention and control. As one of the most versatile and amenable specimen options, saliva offers great advantages for widespread screening strategies due to its non-invasive properties, cost-effectiveness, excellent stability and minimal risk of cross-infection. This review attempts to outline the scientific rationale for detection of SARS-COV-2 in saliva specimens. By combining the data obtained from ten chosen published clinical studies, we calculated the pooled sensitivity and specificity using an online calculator. Through evidence, we established that SARS-COV-2 is detectable in saliva with a high degree of diagnostic sensitivity (87%) and specificity (98%). We also presented a review of emerging technologies approved by the FDA for detection of SARS-COV-2 in oral fluids (saliva and sputum) using polymerase chain reaction methods. Given the challenges involved in obtaining invasive specimens from the naso- and oropharynx, saliva can serve as an easy to collect diagnostic specimen for screening in the work environment, schools and for home testing. Furthermore, saliva offers the opportunity to screen early cases that can be missed by invasive sampling.

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Salivary Glands

Cited by 2 publications

References 47 publications

Biochemical Changes in Salivary pH and Its Correlation to Hemoglobin Levels, Calcium and Phosphate Ion Concentrations among Pregnant Women, Tanzania: A Cross-Sectional Study

Biochemical Changes in Salivary pH and Its Correlation to Hemoglobin Levels, Calcium and Phosphate Ion Concentrations among Pregnant Women, Tanzania: A Cross-Sectional Study

Saliva Exhibits High Sensitivity and Specificity for the Detection of SARS-COV-2

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