Salivary Gland Cytokine Expression in NOD and Normal BALB/c Mice

Yamano, Seiichi; Atkinson, Jane C.; Baum, Bruce J.; Fox, Philip C.

doi:10.1006/clim.1999.4759

Cited by 82 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…We therefore analyzed pancreata and submandibular and lacrimal glands from 6-, 9-, and 15-week-old NOD͞scid mice, respectively (7,10,11). These ages correspond to periods of early inflammation in female NOD mice in the respective tissues.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonobese diabetic mice express aspects of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes

Chaparro¹,

Konigshofer

Beilhack

et al. 2006

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonobese diabetic mice express aspects of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes

Chaparro¹,

Konigshofer

Beilhack

et al. 2006

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Several investigators found that, on average, after 20 days of effective diabetic state both chemically induced diabetic rats and autoimmune diabetic mice showed a reduction in submandibular gland weight, a decrease in granular ducts and in the density of secretory granules, and accumulation of lipid droplets in acini and intercalated ducts, in addition to growth retardation of the parotid and submandibular glands (Anderson, 1983;High et al, 1985;Hu et al, 1992;Anderson et al, 1994;Leigh et al, 1994). Furthermore, clinical and experimental studies have demonstrated a reduction in secretory and salivary components, as well as a severe inflammatory reaction accompanied by the presence of mononuclear cells first located around blood vessels and then around acini and ducts (Goillot et al, 1991;Hu et al, 1992;Pozzilli et al, 1993;Humphreys-Beher et al, 1998;Yamano et al, 1999;López et al, 2003). Differences in the tissue responses between parotid and submandibular glands have already been reported for chemically induced diabetic rats, mainly in terms of parotid gland weight, which did not show significant alterations (Anderson and Johnson, 1981).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Regarding the morphology, experiments conducted on chemically induced diabetic rats and autoimmune diabetic mice have demonstrated a reduction in acinar volume, growth retardation, a weight reduction of the parotid and submandibular glands, a decline in the number of granular ducts and in the density of secretory granules, as well as accumulation of lipid droplets in acinar cells and intercalated ducts (Anderson, 1983;High et al, 1985;Hu et al, 1992;Anderson et al, 1994;Leigh et al, 1994). In addition, the occurrence of an inflammatory process consisting of mononuclear cells located around blood vessels, acini, and ducts has been reported (Goillot et al, 1991;Hu et al, 1992;Pozzilli et al, 1993;Humphreys-Beher, 1998;Yamano et al, 1999). On the other hand, an increase in protein synthesis in the submandibular glands has been observed in chemically induced diabetic rats after they had received a single dose of insulin.…”

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confidence: 96%

Stereology and ultrastructure of the salivary glands of diabetic Nod mice submitted to long‐term insulin treatment

2005

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Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus compromises the salivary glands, altering their morphology and the mechanisms of salivation, which are fundamental for oral health. Thus, the aim of the present study was to determine the effects of prolonged insulin treatment on the morphology of the salivary glands in Nod mice. Forty-five female mice were divided into five groups: nine positive diabetic Nod mice for 10 days (group 1), nine positive diabetic Nod mice for 20 days (group 2), nine diabetic Nod mice for 10 days (group 3), nine diabetic Nod mice for 20 days (group 4), and nine nondiabetic BALB/c mice (group 5). Animals of groups 3 and 4 received 4 -5 U of insulin daily, whereas animals of groups 1, 2, and 5 received the same dose of physiological saline simulating the experimental conditions. Samples of the salivary glands were analyzed by light, transmission, and scanning electron microscopies. The results showed intense alterations in diabetic animals characterized by nuclear and cytoplasmic atrophy, biomembrane disorganization, an increase in fibrillar components of the extracellular matrix, and the presence of inflammatory cells. Insulin treatment exerted positive effects on the recovery of the changes resulting from the diabetic state in both parotid and submandibular glands but the pattern continued to be altered. It can be concluded that, in addition to compromising the processes of tissue maintenance and renewal, tissue destructuring leads to alterations in functional mechanisms in both diabetic animals and animals submitted to glycemic control.

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“…Saliva collection began within 2 min of pilocarpine administration. Animals were positioned with a 75-mm hematocrit tube (Drummond, Broomall, PA) placed in the oral cavity, and whole saliva was collected for 10 min into preweighed 0.75-ml Eppendorf tubes (24). The amount of saliva collected was determined gravimetrically.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Stable Nitroxide Tempol Facilitates Salivary Gland Protection during Head and Neck Irradiation in a Mouse Model

Vitolo

Cotrim

Sowers

et al. 2004

Clinical Cancer Research

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Purpose: Radiotherapy is commonly used to treat a majority of patients with head and neck cancers. The longterm radiation-induced reduction of saliva output significantly contributes to the posttreatment morbidity experienced by these patients. The purpose of this study was to test the ability of the stable-free radical Tempol (4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl), an established radioprotector, to prevent radiation-induced salivary hypofunction in mice.Experimental Design: The heads of C3H mice were exposed to a range of single radiation doses with or without an i.p. injection of 275 mg/kg Tempol 10 min before treatment. Salivary gland output was assessed 8 weeks postirradiation.Results: Radiation caused a dose-dependent reduction in salivary flow in this model. Tempol treatment alone significantly reduced radiation-induced salivary hypofunction. The combination of Tempol with mouth/nose shielding showed essentially complete radiation protection at 15 Gy and ϳ75% protection at 17.5 Gy.Conclusions: This study demonstrates for the first time that significant radioprotection of the salivary glands is possible with Tempol in C3H mice.

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Salivary Gland Cytokine Expression in NOD and Normal BALB/c Mice

Cited by 82 publications

References 48 publications

Nonobese diabetic mice express aspects of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes

Nonobese diabetic mice express aspects of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes

Stereology and ultrastructure of the salivary glands of diabetic Nod mice submitted to long‐term insulin treatment

The Stable Nitroxide Tempol Facilitates Salivary Gland Protection during Head and Neck Irradiation in a Mouse Model

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