Salivary gland antigens of laboratory-bred Phlebotomus sergenti and their immunogenicity in human volunteers in laboratory condition

Veysi, Arshad; Mahmoudi, Ahmad; Yaghoobi–Ershadi, Mohammad Reza; Jeddi‐Tehrani, Mahmood; Rassi, Yavar; Zahraei-Ramazani, Alireza; Hosseini-Vasoukolaei, Nasibeh; Roshani, Daem; Fatemi, Mahboubeh; Khamesipour, Ali; Akhavan, Amir Ahmad

doi:10.4103/1995-7645.273569

Cited by 3 publications

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“…Veysi et al. ( 47 ), exposed individuals to non-infected laboratory-bred Phlebotomus ( P. sergenti ) bites once a week for 8 months and found that at the beginning of P. sergenti bite exposure, IgG levels increased, however they noted a decreasing trend (seroreversion) by the end of the observation period. Our results showed that controlled exposure to uninfected P. duboscqi generated a humoral anti-saliva response with the levels of IgG increasing after each exposure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune response profiles from humans experimentally exposed to Phlebotomus duboscqi bites

de Araujo,

Abdeladhim,

Teixeira

et al. 2024

Front. Immunol.

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IntroductionCutaneous leishmaniasis is a neglected vector-borne parasitic disease prevalent in 92 countries with approximately one million new infections annually. Interactions between vector saliva and the human host alter the response to infection and outcome of disease.MethodsTo characterize the human immunological responses developed against saliva of Phlebotomus duboscqi, a Leishmania major (L. major) vector, we repeatedly exposed the arms of 14 healthy U.S volunteers to uninfected P. duboscqi bites. Blood was collected a week after each exposure and used to assess total IgG antibodies against the proteins of P. duboscqi salivary gland homogenate (SGH) and the levels of IFN-gamma and IL-10 from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) stimulated with SGH or recombinant sand fly proteins. We analyzed skin punch biopsies of the human volunteer arms from the insect bite site and control skin site after multiple P. duboscqi exposures (four volunteers) using immunohistochemical staining.ResultsA variety of immediate insect bite skin reactions were observed. Late skin reactions to insect bites were characterized by macular hyperpigmentation and/or erythematous papules. Hematoxylin and eosin staining showed moderate mononuclear skin infiltrate with eosinophils in those challenged recently (within 2 months), eosinophils were not seen in biopsies with recall challenge (6 month post bites). An increase in plasma antigen-specific IgG responses to SGH was observed over time. Western Blot results showed strong plasma reactivity to five P. duboscqi salivary proteins. Importantly, volunteers developed a cellular immunity characterized by the secretion of IFN-gamma upon PBMC stimulation with P. duboscqi SGH and recombinant antigens.DiscussionOur results demonstrate that humans mounted a local and systemic immune response against P. duboscqi salivary proteins. Specifically, PduM02/SP15-like and PduM73/adenosine deaminase recombinant salivary proteins triggered a Th1 type immune response that might be considered in future development of a potential Leishmania vaccine.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune response profiles from humans experimentally exposed to Phlebotomus duboscqi bites

de Araujo,

Abdeladhim,

Teixeira

et al. 2024

Front. Immunol.

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Human immune response toPhlebotomus sergentisalivary gland antigens in a leishmaniasis-endemic focus in Iran

Veysi

Mahmoudi

Yaghoobi–Ershadi

et al. 2020

Pathogens and Global Health

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Antibody Responses to Phlebotomus papatasi Saliva in American Soldiers With Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Versus Controls

et al. 2022

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Leishmania major, transmitted in Iraq by the bite of a sand fly Phlebotomus papatasi, causes cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). The sand fly saliva is immunogenic, with both systemic humoral and cellular human immune responses resulting from natural exposure. 248 Americans who developed L. major infection in Iraq were sex, race/ethnicity, year of Iraq deployment-matched to controls without CL. Using a case-control study design, we compared sand fly saliva-specific human IgG levels and recognized antigens between the two groups. Serologic responses to Ph. papatasi salivary gland homogenate were studied with ELISA and Western blot, using serial samples obtained from before travel, during CL treatment (CL) or at time of return to US (controls), as well as (for CL cases) six to 24 months after return to non-endemic US. The mean change in optical density (MCOD), reflecting the change in sand fly saliva-specific IgG before and after exposure in Iraq, was 0.296 (range -0.138 to 2.057) in cases and 0.151 (range -0.454 to1.085) in controls, p<0.001. Low levels of sand fly saliva specific antibody were noted in CL cases by 7-8 months after return to the US. The most frequently recognized Ph. papatasi salivary antigens were MW30 (PpSP32) and MW64, although other salivary proteins recognized were MW12/14, 15, 18, 28, 32, 36, 42, 44, 46, 52. Logistic regression suggested that MW15, 28 and 42 were associated with the largest effect on the MCOD. MW30 was the most frequently recognized antigen suggesting a role as biomarker for sand fly exposure and CL risk. Anti-Ph. papatasi saliva IgG waned within months of return to the US. We also discuss vector antigenic saliva proteins in the context of CL presentation and identify some salivary antigens that may correlate with less lesion area, ulcer versus papule/plaque, race among those with CL.

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Salivary gland antigens of laboratory-bred Phlebotomus sergenti and their immunogenicity in human volunteers in laboratory condition

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Immune response profiles from humans experimentally exposed to Phlebotomus duboscqi bites

Immune response profiles from humans experimentally exposed to Phlebotomus duboscqi bites

Human immune response toPhlebotomus sergentisalivary gland antigens in a leishmaniasis-endemic focus in Iran

Antibody Responses to Phlebotomus papatasi Saliva in American Soldiers With Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Versus Controls

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