Salivary functions in mastication, taste and textural perception, swallowing and initial digestion

Abstract

Saliva exerts multiple functions in relation to the initial digestive processes taking place in the upper parts of the gastrointestinal tract. Ingestion of food and beverages, in turn, is a strong stimulus for secretion of saliva with a differential composition depending on the neuronal stimulation pattern. This review paper provides insight into the mechanisms by which saliva acts in relation to taste, mastication, bolus formation, enzymatic digestion and swallowing. Also, the protective functions of saliva including maintenance of dental and mucosal integrity will be discussed as they indirectly influence the digestive process. The final part of this study focuses on the implications of xerostomia and salivary gland dysfunction on gastrointestinal functions.

Salivary Redox Biomarkers in Selected Neurodegenerative Diseases

“…It is produced and secreted by the small as well as large salivary glands into the oral cavity [27]. The saliva has various physiological functions, such as providing the proper environment for teeth and mucosa, protecting against mechanical damage of the tissues, as well as numerous chemical and biological substances [1,29,30]. Because of the presence of, e.g., lysozyme, lactoferrin, and immunoglobulins, it has defensive properties against pathogens, like some viruses, bacteria, or fungi [1,31].…”

The salivary microbiota in health and disease

“…Saliva is the fluid covering the surfaces of the oral cavity. Being instrumental in physiological processes such as mastication, swallowing and speech [1], saliva also harbors essential biological constituents including proteins and enzymes, which are essential for maintenance of oral homeostasis [2]. For example, salivary mucins and glycoproteins are the sole nutritional source in early plaque development [3], and salivary antimicrobials are critically involved in maintaining a symbiotic relationship between host and its resident microbiota [4].…”

Relationship between Subjective Oral Discomfort and Health-Related Quality of Life in the South Korean Elderly Population

“…Furthermore, with age the salivary glands undergo morphological changes, which gradually reduce saliva secretion. Not only does reduced saliva secretion lead to increased vulnerability to dental caries and periodontal diseases in the elderly, but it can also result in oral ulcer and erythema, causing severe discomfort when wearing dentures [3,4]. In addition, oral health has a great impact on self-esteem and quality of life (QOL) in the elderly because it affects pronunciation and physical appearance, which are both of vital importance to social life and interpersonal relationships [5,6].…”