Salivary Fingerprinting of Periodontal Disease by Infrared‐ATR Spectroscopy

Abstract

Purpose: Periodontal diseases, the most common chronic inflammatory diseases in humans, do not only affect tooth-supporting tissues but also other body parts by contributing to the development of life-threatening conditions. Since currently available diagnostic methods in periodontics lack the ability to identify patients at high risk for periodontal disease progression, development of innovative, non-invasive, rapid detection methods for diagnosing periodontal diseases is needed. This study aims to assess the potential of infrared attenuated total reflection (IR-ATR) spectroscopy to detect differences in composition of saliva supernatant in non-periodontitis individuals (control) and patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis (G-AgP). Experimental Design: IR-ATR is performed with a wavelength interval from 1230 to 1180 cm −1 , analyzed with a simple subtraction in absorbance data. Results: Ten samples show in the analysis of variance of the two data sets a true difference (99.8%). A principal component analysis (PCA) is able to discriminate between G-AgP and control groups. Conclusion and Clinical Relevance:This study demonstrates for the first time that IR-ATR spectroscopy is a promising tool for the analysis of saliva supernatant for the diagnosis of periodontitis, and potentially other periodontal conditions. IR-ATR spectroscopy holds the potential to be miniaturized and utilized as a non-invasive screening test.Periodontal diseases are the most common chronic inflammatory diseases in humans, and affect the tooth-supporting tissues. Moreover, recent evidence has indicated that periodontal diseases could contribute to the development of life-threating conditions. [1,2] Of the several forms of periodontitis, generalized aggressive periodontitis (G-AgP) is the most severe,

Precision periodontal care: from omics discoveries to chairside diagnostics

“…Physical methods, such as broad-spectrum fluorescence resonance energy transfer, can measure the total protease activities in saliva and may predict the long-term magnitude of the gingival inflammatory response of an individual [ 29 ]. Infrared attenuated total reflection (IR-ATR) spectroscopy has also been used to screen for inter-individual differences in saliva, demonstrating a good capacity to discriminate between non-periodontitis and periodontitis-affected individuals [ 30 ]. Secondary electrospray ionization (SESI) is shown to successfully identify individual metabolites of periodontal pathogens in saliva, commensurate with a clinical diagnosis of periodontitis [ 31 ].…”

Photonics of human saliva: potential optical methods for the screening of abnormal health conditions and infections

“…Amide II band present at 1545 cm -1 in the ATR-FTIR spectra of saliva has been reported to be a characteristic marker for Psoriatic and Diabetic patients (Bottoni et al 2015 ). A recent work has explored this technique in the diagnosis of periodontitis from saliva (Beyer-Hans et al 2020 ). PCA analysis performed on ATR spectra could differentiate between controls and generalized aggressive periodontitis patients.…”

“…(Other disorders) 1 SERS Saliva. Sjögren's syndrome (SjS) 2020 [Moisoiu 2020] 96.5% 2 ATR-IR Periodontal Diseases 2020 [Beyer-Hans et al 2020 ] _ 3 ATR-FTIR Bio fluids including saliva; Review, clinical applications 2020 [Naseer et al 2020 ] _ 4 Raman Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) diagnosis 2020 [Carlomagno et al 2020 ] _ 5 SERS Periodontitis, Sialic Acid (SA) 2019 [Hernández-Cedillo et al 2019 ] 69.6% 6 SERS To evaluate the activity of urease in saliva. Dental caries; helicobacter pylori infection 2019 [Hu et al 2019 ] L.O.D: 2.35 μg/ml 7 SERS biomarkers of bronchial inflammation in the saliva of children with asthma 2019 [Zamora-Mendoza et al 2019 ] 85% 8 ATR-FTIR Chronic kidney disease 2019 [Rodrigues et al 2019a , b ] 92.8% 9 FTIR Burning Mouth Syndrome 2019 [Rodrigues et al 2019a , b ] _ 10 FTIR Neonatal sepsis using saliva 2019 [Yunanto et al 2019 ] _ 11 ATR-FTIR Multiple dental caries 2018 [Seredin et al 2018 ] _ 12 Plasmonics Hepatitis B 2017 [Riedel et al 2017 ] _ 13 IR …”

Revisiting “‐omics” in Oral Health and Disease

“…The infrared attenuated total reflection (IR‐ATR) spectroscopy can detect salivary differences between health and periodontitis, demonstrating good potential for diagnosing periodontitis in rapid non‐invasive screening tests. [ 6 ]…”