Salivary Elimination of Cyclophosphamide in Man

Abstract

A total of 25 plasma and saliva samples were obtained from three hospital inpatients upon intravenous short-time infusion of cyclophosphamide; total doses infused ranged from 5.3 to 13.3 mg/kg. Despite interindividual variations, a correlation was found for plasma-to-saliva ratio of 1.61 +/- 0.53 (S.D.). Our Saliva-to-plasma ratio of 0.62 is in agreement with a recently reported ratio of 0.77. The ratio stayed constant throughout the observation period (0.5 to 8.4 hours), indicating that the noninvasive method of saliva sampling seems to be a useful approach in cyclophosphamide drug concentration monitoring in patients.

Membrane Transporters in Human Parotid Gland-Targeted Proteomics Approach

“…Whether the substrates of MRP1 (e.g., anticancer drugs—doxorubicin, methotrexate, cyclophosphamide or HIV protease inhibitors—efavirenz, nevirapine and antimicrobial agents—ciprofloxacin) [16] are excreted into saliva via this transporter protein has to be investigated. Nevertheless, MRP-1 salivary efflux function can be potentially involved in oral mucositis produced by methotrexate [17], doxorubicin [18], cyclophosphamide [19] (via mediating the excretion of the drugs from blood into saliva) or treatment of bacterial pathogens within the gland (ciprofloxacin) [20]. It should be stated that both doxorubicin and methotrexate are also substrates of BCRP [16], and this efflux transporter defined in our study in salivary glands could contribute to their biological effects produced in the oral cavity.…”

Occupational Dermal Exposure to Cyclophosphamide in Dutch Hospitals: A Pilot Study

“…Results of a recent study using a fluorescent tracer technique indicated the occurrence of spills during administration of antineoplastic drugs and handling of patient's urine (Kromhout et al, 2000). It therefore seems likely that oncology nurses and cleaning personnel are dermally exposed to antineoplastic drugs, since these antineoplastic drugs are present in the patient's excreta (Ritschel et al, 1981;Heggie et al, 1987;Burgaz et al, 1988;Madsen and Larsen, 1988;Mader et al, 1996). Pharmacy technicians might be exposed to antineoplastic drugs through the skin, due to insufficient protection during preparation of the drugs (Colligan and Horstman, 1990;Connor, 1993;Harrison and Kloos, 1999).…”

Lack of correlation between methotrexate concentrations in serum, saliva and sweat after 24 h methotrexate infusions.

“…Efforts have been made to investigate, if saliva could be used as a noninvasive method for monitoring therapeutic drug concentrations (Danhof & Breimer, 1978). Concerning cytotoxic drugs such studies have been few including only a small number of patients (Juma et al, 1979;Patterson et al, 1981;Ritschel et al, 1981;Slavik et al, 1983;Steele et al, 1979). In the two hitherto published reports on MTX excretion in saliva there has been no general agreement as to the correlation between serum MTX and saliva Correspondence: Dr H. Schr0der, Department of Pediatrics, Aarhus Kommunehospital, DK 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark MTX concentrations (Patterson et al, 1981;Steele et al, 1979).…”