Salivary dysbiosis in Sjögren’s syndrome and a commensal-mediated immunomodulatory effect of salivary gland epithelial cells

Tseng, Yu-chao; Yang, Hsin-Yi; Lin, Wei‐Ting; Chang, Chi Cheng; Chien, Hsiu-chuan; Wang, Hon-Pin; Chen, Chun‐Ming; Wang, Jann-tay; Li, Chin; Wu, Shu-Fen; Hsieh, Song-Chou

doi:10.1038/s41522-021-00192-w

Cited by 26 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…In a healthy mouth, a balance between cariogenic bacteria and non-cariogenic commensal bacteria exists. Haemophilus is another common inhabitant of the oral cavity, including H. parainfluenzae , which appears to carry some beneficial immunomodulatory effects ( 49 ). Then again, H. influenzae is a well-known pathogen ( 50 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Composition and Functional Capacities of Saliva Microbiota Differ Between Children With Low and High Sweet Treat Consumption

et al. 2022

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Excess sugar consumption—common in youth—is associated with poor health. Evidence on the relationship between sugar consumption and the oral microbiome, however, remains scarce and inconclusive. We explored whether the diversity, composition, and functional capacities of saliva microbiota differ based on the consumption of select sugary foods and drinks (“sweet treats”). Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we characterized saliva microbiota from 11 to 13-year-old children who participated in the Finnish Health in Teens (Fin-HIT) cohort study. The sample comprised children in the lowest (n = 227) and highest (n = 226) tertiles of sweet treat consumption. We compared differences in the alpha diversity (Shannon, inverse Simpson, and Chao1 indices), beta diversity (principal coordinates analysis based on Bray–Curtis dissimilarity), and abundance (differentially abundant operational taxonomic units (OTUs) at the genus level) between these low and high consumption groups. We performed PICRUSt2 to predict the metabolic pathways of microbial communities. No differences emerged in the alpha diversity between low and high sweet treat consumption, whereas the beta diversity differed between groups (p = 0.001). The abundance of several genera such as Streptococcus, Prevotella, Veillonella, and Selenomonas was higher in the high consumption group compared with the low consumption group following false discovery rate correction (p < 0.05). Children with high sweet treat consumption exhibited higher proportions of nitrate reduction IV and gondoate biosynthesis pathways compared with the low consumption group (p < 0.05). To conclude, sweet treat consumption shapes saliva microbiota. Children who consume a high level of sweet treats exhibited different compositions and metabolic pathways compared with children who consume low levels of sweet treats. Our findings reveal novel insights into the relationship between sugary diets and oral microbiota.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Composition and Functional Capacities of Saliva Microbiota Differ Between Children With Low and High Sweet Treat Consumption

et al. 2022

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“…H. parainfluenzae and P. batumici were the species displaying significant decrease (logarithmic LDA > 4) in the RA patients of groups AM and PD, respectively. H. parainfluenzae has been reported to act as an immunomodulatory commensal, which upregulates the expression of PD-L1 and is reduced in saliva microbiota of the patients with Sjögren’s syndrome, an autoimmune epithelitis [ 39 ]. P. batumici has been proven to secrete an antibiotic called batumin, which will inhibit aminoacyl tRNA synthetase and can blockade the fatty acid biosynthesis pathway on S. aureus [ 40 , 41 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subgingival Microbiome in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients with Periodontitis

Chen

Hung

Chou

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and periodontitis are suggested to be closely linked based on microbial dysbiosis, but limited subgingival bacteria have been proven in the pathogenesis of RA. We enrolled 30 RA patients and 25 controls and divided them into three groups with matched age, gender, and diabetes statuses: group AM (all of the matched participants), group PD (periodontally diseased), and group PH (periodontally healthy). Their subgingival microbial composition was determined by V3–V4 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Significant differences in subgingival microbial clustering between the RA patients and controls were observed in groups AM and PD. Among the taxa enriched in RA, Aminipila butyrica and Peptococcus simiae were the only two species displaying positive correlation to the level of anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) in both of the groups. Surprisingly, the median of relative abundances of A. butyrica and P. simiae were 0% in the controls of group PD. Furthermore, a gene encoding arginine deiminase with the capability to produce citrulline was addressed in the complete genome sequence of A. butyrica. This is the first study to elucidate the important roles of A. butyrica and P. simiae as periodontal bacteria leading to RA possibly through the induction of ACPA production.

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“…Some studies observed that salivary gland epithelial cells (SGECs) were expressed with immune checkpoint molecules that may have a potential role in the immune response ( 47 ) and bacteria involvement may be an important reason for this phenomenon. H. parainfluenzae was considered to act as an immunomodulatory commensal bacterium in SS, as its reduction may result in decrease of the PD-L1 on SGECs, whose inhibitory control on the proliferation of CD4+T may be loosened according to the observation found in the pretreatment of A253 cells (from human submandibular gland squamous cell carcinoma) with H. parainfluenzae ( 29 ).…”

Section: From Correlation To Potential Causalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Glimpse Into the Microbiome of Sjögren’s Syndrome

2022

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Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) is a common chronic systemic autoimmune disease and its main characteristic is lymphoid infiltration of the exocrine glands, particularly the salivary and lacrimal glands, leading to sicca symptoms of the mouth and eyes. Growing evidence has shown that SS is also characterized by microbial perturbations like other autoimmune diseases. Significant alterations in diversity, composition, and function of the microbiota were observed in SS. The dysbiosis of the microbiome correlates with worse symptoms and higher disease severity, suggesting that dysbiosis may be of great importance in the pathogenesis of SS. In this review, we provide a general view of recent studies describing the microbiota alterations of SS, the possible pathways that may cause microbiota dysbiosis to trigger SS, and the existence of the gut-ocular/gut-oral axis in SS.

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Salivary dysbiosis in Sjögren’s syndrome and a commensal-mediated immunomodulatory effect of salivary gland epithelial cells

Cited by 26 publications

References 56 publications

The Composition and Functional Capacities of Saliva Microbiota Differ Between Children With Low and High Sweet Treat Consumption

The Composition and Functional Capacities of Saliva Microbiota Differ Between Children With Low and High Sweet Treat Consumption

Subgingival Microbiome in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients with Periodontitis

A Glimpse Into the Microbiome of Sjögren’s Syndrome

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