Salivary Diagnostics

Pathiyil, Varsha; Udayasankar, Rahul

doi:10.5772/intechopen.84722

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 40 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Human saliva composition was proven by numerous past studies that it can provide information to many clinical, experimental and diagnostic protocols (Michalke et al, 2014); (Pfaffe et al, 2011) while urine has the ability to reflect systemic nickel levels in human due to its metabolic route is through the kidneys (Daniel et al, 2018); (Guo et al, 2014). Both saliva and urine are considered more tolerable to subjects because they are non-invasive techniques, accessible, convenient, and require simpler handling and sample preparation (Jayachandran et al, 2020); (Pathiyil et al, 2019); (Wang et al, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nickel Accumulation in Saliva and Urine Post Orthodontic Fixed Appliance Treatment in Malay Population

Muhamad Sabri,

Noviaranny,

Kazi

2024

Compend. Oral Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: Prolonged nickel exposure, even in low amounts, is cytotoxic, genotoxic and carcinogenic. The study aims to evaluate the salivary and urinary nickel levels post-orthodontic fixed appliance treatment. Materials and Methods: Saliva and urine samples of fourteen orthodontic patients were taken at debonding (T0), after one month (T1), and three months post-debonding (T2), and compared with the control group. Samples were analysed using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) and IBM SPSS Version 27 was used for statistical analyses. Results: The mean (SD) of orthodontic treatment duration was 33.6 (9.6) months. In comparison to the control group, the mean (SD) nickel levels in saliva and urine were highest at debonding (T0) with 12.71 ppb (9.64) and 9.71 ppb (8.27), respectively. In the test group, there was a significant difference in nickel level in saliva between T0 and T1 (MD = 9.75, 95% CI: 3.71, 15.71; p < 0.05) and in urine between T0 and T1 (MD = 6.46, 95% CI: 1.38, 11.55; p = 0.012). Conclusion: Our results clearly demonstrated that the nickel level in saliva and urine remained higher at the end of orthodontic treatment compared to the control group. Further studies with a longer duration of observation and larger samples are suggested. Furthermore, our study indicates it is essential to confirm the effects of long-duration of orthodontic treatment and its post-treatment nickel level. This study raised attention about the biocompatibility of mechanical orthodontic treatment vs sustainable general health.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nickel Accumulation in Saliva and Urine Post Orthodontic Fixed Appliance Treatment in Malay Population

Muhamad Sabri,

Noviaranny,

Kazi

2024

Compend. Oral Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Human saliva composition was proven by numerous past studies that it can provide information to many clinical, experimental and diagnostic protocols (Michalke et al, 2014;Pfaffe et al, 2011) while urine has the ability to reflect systemic nickel levels in human due to its metabolic route is through the kidneys (Guo et al, 2014, Holm et al, 2016. Both saliva and urine are considered more tolerable to subjects because they are noninvasive techniques, accessible, convenient, and require simpler handling and sample preparation (Jayachandran et al, 2020;Pathiyil et al, 2019;Wang et al, 2015). Khlifi et al reported that there was no significant difference in blood nickel level for men and women (Khlifi et al, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Baseline Nickel Level in Saliva and Urine Among Healthy Malay Population

Muhamad Sabri,

Noviaranny,

Kazi

2023

Compend. Oral Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objectives: Nickel is one of the common trace metal element used in industries. It has been documented that even in small quantities, prolonged exposure to nickel is cytotoxic, genotoxic and carcinogenic. Nickel biomonitoring has been done by various countries to monitor nickel level. However, there is little information on established baseline nickel level in our population which leads to the difficulty for comparison during nickel exposure. This study aims to determine the baseline nickel level in saliva and urine samples for the healthy Malay population. Materials and Methods: Fourteen healthy Malay subjects were recruited in this study. Saliva and urine samples were collected and analysed using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) to measure the nickel level. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Version 27. Results: Results showed that the nickel level in urine was higher compared to saliva. The baseline nickel level exhibited in saliva was 4.80 ppb (95% CI: 2.23, 7.38) and in urine was 5.88 ppb (95% CI: 3.49, 8.27). Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first study to report the baseline nickel level in saliva and urine among the Malay population.

show abstract

“…Although the collection procedures are easy and not painful, saliva composition is affected by several variables, arising from variation of salivary flow rate, circadian rhythm, type of salivary stimulus, diet, age, physiological status, and methods of collection [ 61 , 62 ]. Another reason for the limited use of saliva diagnostics is the fact that levels of most biomarkers are lower in saliva than those found in serum [ 63 ]. Advances in analytical techniques are expected to make it feasible to measure multiple biomarkers using small volumes of biological fluids including saliva.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salivary Biomarkers for Diagnosis and Therapy Monitoring in Patients with Heart Failure. A Systematic Review

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review on the potential value of saliva biomarkers in the diagnosis, management and prognosis of heart failure (HF). The correlation between saliva and plasma values of these biomarkers was also studied. PubMed was searched to collect relevant literature, i.e., case-control, cross-sectional studies that either compared the values of salivary biomarkers among healthy subjects and HF patients, or investigated their role in risk stratification and prognosis in HF patients. No randomized control trials were included. The search ended on 31st of December 2020. A total of 15 studies met the inclusion criteria. 18 salivary biomarkers were analyzed and the levels of all biomarkers studied were found to be higher in HF patients compared to controls, except for amylase, sodium, and chloride that had smaller saliva concentrations in HF patients. Natriuretic peptides are the most commonly used plasma biomarkers in the management of HF. Their saliva levels show promising results, although the correlation of saliva to plasma values is weakened in higher plasma values. In most of the publications, differences in biomarker levels between HF patients and controls were found to be statistically significant. Due to the small number of patients included, larger studies need to be conducted in order to facilitate the use of saliva biomarkers in clinical practice.

show abstract

Salivary Diagnostics

Cited by 6 publications

References 40 publications

Nickel Accumulation in Saliva and Urine Post Orthodontic Fixed Appliance Treatment in Malay Population

Nickel Accumulation in Saliva and Urine Post Orthodontic Fixed Appliance Treatment in Malay Population

Baseline Nickel Level in Saliva and Urine Among Healthy Malay Population

Salivary Biomarkers for Diagnosis and Therapy Monitoring in Patients with Heart Failure. A Systematic Review

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About