Salivary Diagnostic for Monitoring Strenuous Exercise—A Pilot Study in a Cohort of Male Ultramarathon Runners

Borchers, Josephin; Merle, Cordula Leonie; Schöneborn, Deborah Diana; Lyko, Lea Ronja; Thouet, Thomas; Wolfarth, Bernd; Kottmann, Tanja; Scheibenbogen, Carmen; Zimmer, Jeannot; Diederich, Sven; Bauer, Katrin; Sack, Ulrich; Schmalz, Gerhard; Ziebolz, Dirk; Wüstenfeld, Jan

doi:10.3390/ijerph192316110

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…Physical exercise can also protect gut integrity by increasing mucus secretion and preventing pathogens' adhesion to the intestinal epithelium [54][55][56]. In contrast to vigorous exercise, light-moderate exercise can increase the secretion of secretory immune globulin A, which plays a significant role in boosting the immune system and providing protection against different pathogens [57,58]. Increasing physical activity is also associated with enhanced intestinal immune function due to increased microbial diversity resulting in increased short chain fatty acids (SCFA), which can modulate energy balance, increase nutrient availability, and promote intestinal barrier maintenance and homeostasis [12,38,59,60].…”

Section: Do Physical Exercises Impact Irritable Bowel Syndrome and How?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Can physical exercise help people with irritable bowel syndrome? How substantial is the evidence?

Ahmad,

Thnaibat

2023

HSR

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Purpose: Irritable bowel syndrome is one of the most common gastrointestinal disorders worldwide that negatively affect health and quality of life and imposes high costs. Increasing attention is being paid to non-pharmacological therapies, like physical exercise, to manage and alleviate irritable bowel syndrome symptoms, but the underlying mechanism is unclear, and the evidence is inconclusive. This article aims to provide an overview analysis of the recent evidence that links physical exercise with irritable bowel symptoms. Material and methods. For the last five years of research (2018-2023), we searched several international scientific databases, including Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct, ADI, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed, Medline, Clinical trials.gov, Google Scholar, and the WHO database. Results. Generally, exercise exerts variable effects on gut physiology, integrity, and health. Much research recommended adopting regular light-to-moderate aerobic exercise and relaxation anaerobic exercise to enhance the patient’s psychological well-being and alleviate global irritable bowel syndrome symptoms. These types of exercise are purported to improve bowel function, motility, tone, habits, immunity, microbial diversity, and quality of life due to a decrease in psychological stress, depression, anxiety index, irritable bowel syndrome symptom severity score, intestinal hypersensitivity, and gut permeability. In contrast, more studies reported several disruptive effects of vigorous aerobic exercise on gut integrity and physiology that can compromise irritable bowel syndrome symptoms by inducing splanchnic hypoperfusion, gastrointestinal epithelial wall damage, malabsorption, dysbiosis, and bacterial translocation, thus calling into question the positive outcomes of the exercise. Conclusions. There is overwhelming evidence recommending regular light-to-moderate aerobic exercise and anaerobic relaxation exercises for patients with IBS. However, this evidence seems low-quality, making it challenging to confirm the actual impacts of exercise. Ethnicity, study design, type and intensity of exercise, and methodological issues are among the reasons that are put forward to account for this low-quality evidence. Thus, well-designed plausible studies, particularly randomized controlled trials and research on individualized exercise intervention settings that consider exercise frequency, intensity, time, type, volume, and progression, are highly demanded to enable drawing specific exercise recommendations for irritable bowel syndrome patients without adverse effects.

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Section: Do Physical Exercises Impact Irritable Bowel Syndrome and How?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Can physical exercise help people with irritable bowel syndrome? How substantial is the evidence?

Ahmad,

Thnaibat

2023

HSR

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Section: Do Physical Exercises Impact Irritable Bowel Syndrome and How?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of pilates training on balance, muscular endurance, fatigue, and quality of life among women with multiple sclerosis

Miri,

Mehrabian,

Peyvandi

et al. 2023

HSR

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Purpose. This research aimed to investigate the effect of eight weeks of Pilates exercises on balance, muscle endurance, fatigue, and quality of life of women with MS. Material and methods. In this research, which is of applied type and with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group, 40 women aged 25 to 50 with multiple sclerosis living in Alborz province were selected by random sampling. Sampling was done purposefully and available, and the samples were randomly divided into two experimental (20 people) and control (20 people) groups. The research exercise program was performed three days a week (one hour per session) and gradually increased from one hour to 90 minutes per session over 8 weeks. Fatigue was measured with the Fatigue Impact Scale (FIS), balance with the Berg Balance Test (BBS), general endurance with the 6-minute walk test (6MWT), the endurance of the core muscles of the body with the sit-up test, and quality of life with the Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life (MSQOL)-54 Instrument. Results. In relation to the variables of balance and fatigue, the results of the analysis showed that Pilates exercises had a positive effect on the fatigue of the subjects in the experimental group and caused a significant reduction in their fatigue (P=0.000). Nevertheless, the data related to muscle endurance in the corezone (P=0.723) did not show a significant effect and regarding general endurance, it showed a significant effect (P=0.010). Also, in the variable of quality of life, the datashowed that Pilates exercises had a significant effect on both physical and mental dimensions of quality of life (P=0.000 and P=0.042). Conclusion. Overall, the research findings indicate that Pilates exercises have a significant effect on the fatigue and balance of women with multiple sclerosis, but to ensure the effectiveness of these exercises on endurance and quality of life, more studies are needed.

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A New Strategy for Measuring Salivary Alpha‐Amylase Activity Using Glucometer

Abdi,

Gorgani‐Firuzjaee,

Behroozi

et al. 2024

Starch Stärke

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Alpha‐amylase is one of the most important enzymes in the saliva. It is an important biomarker for many health conditions. Saliva sampling is a non‐invasive method and is the preferred choice for sampling at point of the care and home testing. Measurement of salivary alpha‐amylase activity as a rapid test using test strips with Flavin‐dependent glucose dehydrogenases (FAD‐GDH) as glucose is the aim of the current research. FAD‐GDH is an oxygen‐independent enzyme and has a narrow substrate specificity. For this goal, starches from various sources are tested as a substrate for alpha‐amylase and chose MS‐101 starch as the best substrate, between six different starch types. Under optimal assay conditions, when hydrolyzed starch (in 20 min, 37 °C, pH = 7) reacts with FAD‐GDH enzymes that exist in test strips for 5 s glucometer can show the amount of glucose produced in samples from patient samples. This glucose value is directly correlated with the salivary alpha‐amylase activity (p‐value <0.01).

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Salivary Diagnostic for Monitoring Strenuous Exercise—A Pilot Study in a Cohort of Male Ultramarathon Runners

Cited by 4 publications

References 71 publications

Can physical exercise help people with irritable bowel syndrome? How substantial is the evidence?

Can physical exercise help people with irritable bowel syndrome? How substantial is the evidence?

Effect of pilates training on balance, muscular endurance, fatigue, and quality of life among women with multiple sclerosis

A New Strategy for Measuring Salivary Alpha‐Amylase Activity Using Glucometer

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