Salivary Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Shedding, Glycoprotein B Genotype Distribution, and CMV Disease in Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Seropositive Patients

Fidouh-Houhou, Nadhira; Duval, Xavier; Bissuel, F.; Bourbonneux, V.; Flandre, Philippe; Ecobichon, Jean-Luc; Jordan, M. Colin; Vildé, J. L.; Brun‐Vézinet, Françoise; Leport, Catherine

doi:10.1086/322630

Cited by 47 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…A 4-to 26-fold-increased odds of HHV shedding in the saliva of HIV seropositive patients was observed. The frequencies of detection in the HIV-positive and HIV-negative groups are consistent with those previously reported, indicating that HHVs are frequently shed asymptomatically in the saliva of HIV-infected patients who take HAART (3,4,6,19,37,38,44,68). The higher prevalence in the HIV-positive group may reflect altered health status or differences in herpesvirus seropositivity between the groups, particularly for CMV.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…In prior studies of HIV-infected patients without KS or AIDS, the detection rates in saliva for HSV-1/HSV-2 were 24% (4,20), EBV, 71% to 93% (6,18,24,42,43), CMV, 17% to 77% (19,20,25,44), and HHV-8, 0% to 57% (3, 4, 11, 13, 36-38, 56, 68, 71). Most prior studies examined for individual HHVs in saliva, not their simultaneous presence, and oral lesions may have been present or not reported (44).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…The prevalence of HHVs in the saliva of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive patients has been less often reported, with reports generally focusing on individual prevalence, not the simultaneous presence of HHVs. In these reports, the prevalence of HHVs appears higher in HIV-seropositive patients (3,4,6,19,38,44,46,68). However, in one study that examined multiple HHVs, rates of detection in saliva of HIV-seropositive patients were similar to that of the general population, except for CMV (20).…”

mentioning

confidence: 95%

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High Prevalence of Multiple Human Herpesviruses in Saliva from Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Persons in the Era of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy

Miller¹,

Berger²,

Mootoor³

et al. 2006

J Clin Microbiol

134

122

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Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is associated with an increased risk for human herpesviruses (HHVs) and their related diseases. Methods for limiting the transmission of HHVs require a better understanding of the prevalence and infectiousness of oral HHVs in HIV-infected patients. We performed quantitative PCR to investigate the prevalence, quantity, risk, and correlates of salivary HHVs from 58 HIVseropositive individuals in a case control study. HHVs were significantly more prevalent in the salivas of HIV-seropositive persons than in those of the controls (odds ratios [ORs], 4.2 to 26.2; P < 0.008). In HIV-infected patients, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), cytomegalovirus (CMV), and herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) were detected in 90%, 57%, 31% and 16% of samples, respectively, compared with 48%, 24%, 2%, and 2%, respectively, of samples from controls. Multiple HHVs were observed in 71% of HIV-seropositive persons and only 16% of controls (OR, 13.0; 95% confidence interval, 5.29 to 32.56). HIV-positive patients had significantly higher EBV loads than HIV-negative persons (P < 0.0001). HIVinfected patients with CD4 counts above 200 cells/l had increased probability for having HHV-8 in saliva (P ‫؍‬ 0.009) compared with patients whose counts were less than 200. In contrast, HSV-1, EBV, and CMV were detected more often when CD4 counts were low. High salivary HHV loads were detected for those (n ‫؍‬ 7) with oral lesions. These findings suggest that saliva is a potential risk factor for the acquisition of multiple HHVs, and several host factors may function to accelerate HHV reactivation or replication in patients with HIV infection.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

mentioning

confidence: 95%

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High Prevalence of Multiple Human Herpesviruses in Saliva from Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Persons in the Era of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy

Miller¹,

Berger²,

Mootoor³

et al. 2006

J Clin Microbiol

134

122

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, recent evidence has demonstrated that mucosal shedding of HCMV occurs commonly in many healthy individuals (do Canto et al, 2000;Lucht et al, 1998;Shen et al, 1996) and very frequently in immunocompromised patients (Diamond et al, 2000;Fidouh-Houhou et al, 2001;Lucht et al, 1998;Mostad et al, 2000). In this study, RhCMV shedding was detected consistently in many animals, indicating low-level, persistent infection.…”

Section: The Pattern Of Rhcmv Detection Is Very Similar To What Is Knmentioning

confidence: 43%

Differential detection of B virus and rhesus cytomegalovirus in rhesus macaques FN1

Huff

Eberle

Capitanio

et al. 2003

Journal of General Virology

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“…Among AIDS patients, gB genotype distribution has been widely studied in blood, urine, semen, vitreous, and saliva specimens (1,4,9,12,18). However, the frequency distribution of gB genotypes in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens has not been studied yet.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Different Cytomegalovirus Glycoprotein B Genotype Distribution in Serum and Cerebrospinal Fluid Specimens Determined by a Novel Multiplex Nested PCR

2003

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A novel and highly sensitive multiplex nested PCR assay has been developed for the simultaneous glycoprotein B (gB) typing of four gB genotypes of human cytomegalovirus (CMV) directly from clinical specimens. Specifically, a pair of primers to conserved regions of all gB genotypes within the gB gene (gB and gpUL55) was used for primary amplification. A mixture of nested primers to specific and conserved regions of each gB genotype was used for a secondary PCR amplification, yielding amplicons of different sizes for each gB genotype that could easily be differentiated by agarose gel electrophoresis. A total of 40 of 44 serum specimens and 26 of 26 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples, which had previously tested positive for CMV in 66 of 70 AIDS patients with different CMV disease conditions, were gB genotyped by this novel assay. Significant differences in glycoprotein B genotype distribution between serum and CSF specimens were found (P ‫؍‬ 0.001). gB genotype 3 (gB3) and gB2 were the most prevalent genotypes in sera (42.5%) and CSF (38.5%), respectively. A different distribution was also observed when only patients with CMV retinitis were studied (P ‫؍‬ 0.005), suggesting a gB2 neuron tropism. Neither CMV disease nor any particular clinical manifestation of CMV disease was associated with gB genotypes (P > 0.05). A high incidence of mixed infection with the gB1 and gB3 genotypes (27.5%) was detected in serum specimens, indicating that reinfection and reactivation are common traits in advanced AIDS patients.

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Salivary Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Shedding, Glycoprotein B Genotype Distribution, and CMV Disease in Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Seropositive Patients

Cited by 47 publications

References 19 publications

High Prevalence of Multiple Human Herpesviruses in Saliva from Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Persons in the Era of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy

High Prevalence of Multiple Human Herpesviruses in Saliva from Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Persons in the Era of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy

Differential detection of B virus and rhesus cytomegalovirus in rhesus macaques FN1

Different Cytomegalovirus Glycoprotein B Genotype Distribution in Serum and Cerebrospinal Fluid Specimens Determined by a Novel Multiplex Nested PCR

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