Salivary Cortisol Responsivity to an Intravenous Catheter Insertion in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

McCarthy, Ann Marie; Hanrahan, Kirsten; Scott, LD; Zemblidge, N.; Kleiber, Charmaine; Zimmerman, Mark

doi:10.1093/jpepsy/jsr012

Cited by 20 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(45 reference statements)

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“…As described in Methods, subsequent subjects (n=5) received oral cortisol to avoid the potential confounding effect of intravenous therapy 38,39 . The cortisol dose led to a mean increase in salivary free cortisol concentration from a baseline of 11.1 +/−5.0 to a stress-associated concentration of 76.4 +/−28 nM (Figure 2).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glucocorticoids enhance the in vivo migratory response of human monocytes

Yeager

Pioli

Collins

et al. 2016

Brain, Behavior, and Immunity

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Glucocorticoids (GCs) are best known for their potent anti-inflammatory effects. However, an emerging model for glucocorticoid (GC) regulation of in vivo inflammation also includes a delayed, preparatory effect that manifests as enhanced inflammation following exposure to an inflammatory stimulus. When GCs are transiently elevated in vivo following exposure to a stressful event, this model proposes that a subsequent period of increased inflammatory responsiveness is adaptive because it enhances resistance to a subsequent stressor. In the present study, we examined the migratory response of human monocytes/macrophages following transient in vivo exposure to stress-associated concentrations of cortisol. Participants were administered cortisol for 6 hours to elevate in vivo cortisol levels to approximate those observed during major systemic stress. Monocytes in peripheral blood and macrophages in sterile inflammatory tissue (skin blisters) were studied before and after exposure to cortisol or placebo. We found that exposure to cortisol induced transient upregulation of monocyte mRNA for CCR2, the receptor for monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2) as well as for the chemokine receptor CX3CR1. At the same time, mRNA for the transcription factor IκBα was decreased. Monocyte surface expression of CCR2 but not CX3CR1 increased in the first 24 hours after cortisol exposure. Transient exposure to cortisol also led to an increased number of macrophages and neutrophils in fluid derived from a sterile inflammatory site in vivo. These findings suggest that the delayed, pro-inflammatory effects of cortisol on the human inflammatory responses may include enhanced localization of effector cells at sites of in vivo inflammation.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glucocorticoids enhance the in vivo migratory response of human monocytes

Yeager

Pioli

Collins

et al. 2016

Brain, Behavior, and Immunity

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“…Salivary cortisol collection has emerged in pediatric research as a biomarker of stress in both US (Bright et al, ; Bruce et al, ; Felt et al, ; McCarthy et al, , ) and European pediatric studies (Bäumler et al, ; Freitag et al, ; Saridjan et al, ; Stalder et al, ; Tegethoff et al, ) with relatively small sample sizes. However, these reports provide very limited information about collection adherence and quality, information important for any effort to collect saliva samples on a large scale.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Research has used saliva samples to assess general stress levels using the indicator of Cortisol Awakening Response (CAR) (Bäumler, Kirschbaum, Kliegel, Alexander, & Stalder, ; Bright, Granger, & Frick, ; Bruce, Fisher, Pears, & Levine, ; Freitag et al, ; Gribbin, Watamura, Cairns, Harsh, & Lebourgeois, ; Saridjan et al, ; Stalder et al, ; Tegethoff, Knierzinger, Meyer, & Meinlschmidt, ). Salivary cortisol can also be used to assess the child's response to a particular stressor (e.g., venipuncture, injection, inoculation) (Davis & Granger, ; Felt et al, ; McCarthy et al, ; McCarthy et al, ) and other stress evoking procedures (e.g., Trier Social Stress Test for Children) (Gunnar, Talge, & Herrera, ; Kirschbaum, Pirke, & Hellhammer, ). However, all of these studies employed relatively small samples of children.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The feasibility of salivary sample collection in an international pediatric cohort: The the TEDDY study

Roth

Baxter

Vehik

et al. 2017

Developmental Psychobiology

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Saliva offers a relatively noninvasive method for measuring analytes such as cortisol, holding particular promise for use in pediatric populations on a large scale if a rigorous collection protocol is feasible in diverse settings. The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young study protocol, conducted in centers in the US, Sweden, Finland and Germany, used salivary collection to assess cortisol level as a physiologic marker of stress. Saliva was collected using Sorbettes from subjects at 3.5, 4.5, and 5.5 years of age. Parents collected a morning sample, and staff collected pre- and post-blood draw samples. Feasibility was assessed based on protocol completion, adherence with instructions, factors affecting adherence and sufficiency of saliva sample for cortisol determination. Collection of saliva samples in a diverse pediatric population is feasible. Establishing non-invasive and acceptable methods for collecting physiological parameters of stress will allow better exploration of determinants of health in this important population.

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“…Other studies on stress reactivity have reported increased cortisol productivity (White and Mulligan 2005), and conversely significantly lower pre- and post-stressor (IV insertion) cortisol concentrations (McCarthy et al 2011) in children with ADHD, and blunted cortisol reactivity linked to persistent ADHD (King et al 1998). In addition, one study reported a significantly higher incidence of atypical cortisol non-suppression to dexamethasone in ADHD versus control group (Kaneko et al 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Studies on children with diagnosed ADHD versus control groups examining overall diurnal cortisol levels and rhythm have reported significantly lower basal cortisol concentrations in morning sampling (Blomqvist et al 2007 ; Isaksson et al 2012 ; Ma et al 2011 ), and significantly lower incidence of typical diurnal variation (defined as having a maximum and minimum cortisol level, respectively, at morning and evening sampling (Kaneko et al 1993 ). Other studies on stress reactivity have reported increased cortisol productivity (White and Mulligan 2005 ), and conversely significantly lower pre- and post-stressor (IV insertion) cortisol concentrations (McCarthy et al 2011 ) in children with ADHD, and blunted cortisol reactivity linked to persistent ADHD (King et al 1998 ). In addition, one study reported a significantly higher incidence of atypical cortisol non-suppression to dexamethasone in ADHD versus control group (Kaneko et al 1993 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

The aetiological association between the dynamics of cortisol productivity and ADHD

et al. 2016

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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been linked to dysregulation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, indexed by salivary cortisol. The phenotypic and aetiological association of cortisol productivity with ADHD was investigated. A selected twin design using 68 male twin-pairs aged 12–15, concordant or discordant for high ADHD symptom scores, or control twin-pairs with low ADHD symptoms, based on developmentally stable parental ADHD ratings. A genetic growth curve model was applied to cortisol samples obtained across three points during a cognitive-electroencephalography assessment, to examine the aetiological overlap of ADHD affection status (high versus low ADHD symptom scores) with latent intercept and slope factors. A significant phenotypic correlation emerged between ADHD and the slope factor, with cortisol levels dropping faster for the group with high ADHD symptom scores. The analyses further suggested this overlap was mostly driven by correlated genetic effects. We identified change in cortisol activity over time as significantly associated with ADHD affection status, primarily explained by shared genetic effects, suggesting that blunted cortisol productivity can be a marker of genetic risk in ADHD.

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Salivary Cortisol Responsivity to an Intravenous Catheter Insertion in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Abstract: Cortisol levels in children with and without ADHD differ in response to the stress of an IV insertion.

Cited by 20 publications

References 32 publications

Glucocorticoids enhance the in vivo migratory response of human monocytes

Glucocorticoids enhance the in vivo migratory response of human monocytes

The feasibility of salivary sample collection in an international pediatric cohort: The the TEDDY study

The aetiological association between the dynamics of cortisol productivity and ADHD

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