Salivary cortisol in response to acute social rejection and acceptance by peers

Blackhart, Ginette C.; Eckel, Lisa A.; Tice, Dianne M.

doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2007.03.005

Cited by 151 publications

(132 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Similarly, Brody, Veit, and Rau (1997) found that IM was inversely related to the heart rate change elicited by a mental stressor. Other studies have also found negative, null, or ambiguous (i.e., negative or null on some but not all indices) physiological stress reactions (heart rate, cortisol level, skin conductance reactivity) among individuals high in IM under stress manipulations (Blackhart et al, 2007;Feldman, Lehrer, Hochron, & Schwartz, 2002;Mente & Helmers, 1999;Movius & Allen, 2005;Najström & Jansson, 2006;Pauls & Stemmler, 2003;Tomaka, Blascovich, & Kelsey, 1992). Fewer studies have reported that IM was positively associated with stress reactions (King, Taylor, Albright, & Haskell, 1990;Nyklicek, Vingerhoets, Van Heck, & Van Limpt, 1998;Warrenburg et al,1989) 2 .…”

Section: Healthmentioning

confidence: 98%

Rethinking Social Desirability Scales

Uziel

2010

Perspect Psychol Sci

278

135

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Social desirability (specifically, impression management) scales are widely used by researchers and practitioners to screen individuals who bias self-reports in a self-favoring manner. These scales also serve to identify individuals at risk for psychological and health problems. The present review explores the evidence with regard to the ability of these scales to achieve these objectives. In the first part of the review, I present six criteria to evaluate impression management scales and conclude that they are unsatisfactory as measures of response style. Next, I explore what individual differences in impression management scores actually do measure. I compare two approaches: a defensiveness approach, which argues that these scales measure defensiveness that stems from vulnerable self-esteem, and an adjustment approach, which suggests that impression management is associated with personal well-being and interpersonal adjustment. Data from a wide variety of fields including social behavior, affect and wellbeing, health, and job performance tend to favor the adjustment approach. Finally, I argue that scales measuring impression management should be redefined as measures of interpersonally oriented self-control that identify individuals who demonstrate high levels of self-control, especially in social contexts.

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Section: Healthmentioning

confidence: 98%

Rethinking Social Desirability Scales

Uziel

2010

Perspect Psychol Sci

278

135

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“…Inclusion-related decreases in negative mood (Blackhart, Eckel & Tice, 2007), anger, and depression have been shown, alongside increases in positive mood (Blackhart et al, 2007). However, when mood has been measured continuously throughout the experimental THE BENEFITS OF BELONGING 5 manipulation of belonging, an absence of inclusion-related mood response has also been reported (Wesselmann, Wirth, Mroczek & Williams, 2012).…”

Section: Belonging and Mood Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Benefits of belonging: Experimental manipulation of social inclusion to enhance psychological and physiological health parameters

Begen

Turner‐Cobb

2014

Psychology & Health

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ObjectiveAcute changes in social belonging are important triggers for alterations in health and wellbeing, yet research has emphasised the negative effects of 'exclusion' at the expense of evaluating the potentially positive effects of 'inclusion'. This study examined the impact of acute belonging on physiological and psychological outcomes. Design & Main Outcome MeasuresA healthy population (n=138) were randomly allocated to 'included' or 'excluded' task conditions. Condition-dependent differences in pre/during-task heart rate, and pre/post-task self-reports of negative/positive mood, and social self-esteem, were assessed. ResultsIncluded participants showed decreased heart-rate and negative mood, and increased social self-esteem. No inclusion-related increase in positive mood was shown. An increase in heart rate was observed in excluded participants. However, although excluded participants showed nominal increases in negative mood and decreases in positive mood, these changes were muted, suggesting a protective exclusion-related response. Likewise, no exclusion-related change in social self-esteem was shown. Shifts in social self-esteem acted as a mechanism through which inclusion/exclusion impacted upon negative and positive mood alterations.Results remained significant in presence of covariates (gender, global self-esteem, rumination, and social anxiety). ConclusionFindings suggest that acting to enhance belonging through 'inclusion' resulted in adaptive physiological and psychological outcomes.

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“…For example, Burgoon, Buller, and Woodall (1996) argued that nonverbal modes of communication such as touch are more effective in reducing stress as compared to verbal modes of communication such as speech. Recent research finds that exclusion is related to increased cortisol-a hormone associated with stress (Blackhart, Eckel, & Tice, 2007). As touch can reduce stress, it may also be effective in reducing the stress of exclusion.…”

Section: Touchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Touching a Teddy Bear Mitigates Negative Effects of Social Exclusion to Increase Prosocial Behavior

Tai

Zheng

Narayanan

2011

Social Psychological and Personality Science

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There is little empirical research to date that looks at how the deleterious effects of social exclusion can be mitigated. We examined how touching an inanimate object—a teddy bear—might impact the effect of social exclusion on prosocial behavior. Across two studies, we found that socially excluded individuals who touched a teddy bear acted more prosocially as compared to socially excluded individuals who just viewed the teddy bear from a distance. This effect was only observed for socially excluded participants and not for socially included (or control) participants. Overall, the findings suggest that touching a teddy bear mitigates the negative effects of social exclusion to increase prosocial behavior. In Study 2, positive emotion was found to mediate the relationship between touch and prosocial behavior. These results suggest a possible means to attenuate the unpleasant effects of social exclusion.

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Salivary cortisol in response to acute social rejection and acceptance by peers

Cited by 151 publications

References 51 publications

Rethinking Social Desirability Scales

Rethinking Social Desirability Scales

Benefits of belonging: Experimental manipulation of social inclusion to enhance psychological and physiological health parameters

Touching a Teddy Bear Mitigates Negative Effects of Social Exclusion to Increase Prosocial Behavior

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