Salivary changes in type 2 diabetic patients

Abd-Elraheem, Sabah E.; Saeed, Amany; Mansour, Howaida

doi:10.1016/j.dsx.2017.04.018

Cited by 48 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Also, diabetes mellitus frequently decreases salivary flow, alters the expression of salivary proteins, and increases glucose levels in saliva [29,31,32]. From these parameters, it is possible to use salivary components to reflect the presence and severity of hyperglycemia [33]. The saliva of diabetics with poor metabolic control shows an increase in salivary glucose concentration [34].…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Salivary molecular spectroscopy: A sustainable, rapid and non-invasive monitoring tool for diabetes mellitus during insulin treatment

Caixeta¹,

Aguiar²,

Cardoso-Sousa³

et al. 2020

PLoS ONE

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Monitoring of blood glucose is an invasive, painful and costly practice in diabetes. Consequently, the search for a more cost-effective (reagent-free), non-invasive and specific diabetes monitoring method is of great interest. Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy has been used in diagnosis of several diseases, however, applications in the monitoring of diabetic treatment are just beginning to emerge. Here, we used ATR-FTIR spectroscopy to evaluate saliva of non-diabetic (ND), diabetic (D) and insulin-treated diabetic (D+I) rats to identify potential salivary biomarkers related to glucose monitoring. The spectrum of saliva of ND, D and D+I rats displayed several unique vibrational modes and from these, two vibrational modes were pre-validated as potential diagnostic biomarkers by ROC curve analysis with significant correlation with glycemia. Compared to the ND and D+I rats, classification of D rats was achieved with a sensitivity of 100%, and an average specificity of 93.33% and 100% using bands 1452 cm-1 and 836 cm-1 , respectively. Moreover, 1452 cm-1 and 836 cm-1 spectral bands proved to be robust spectral biomarkers and highly correlated with glycemia (R 2 of 0.801 and 0.788, P < 0.01, respectively). Both PCA-LDA and HCA classifications achieved an accuracy of 95.2%. Spectral salivary biomarkers discovered using univariate and multivariate analysis may provide a novel robust alternative for diabetes monitoring using a non-invasive and green technology.

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Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Salivary molecular spectroscopy: A sustainable, rapid and non-invasive monitoring tool for diabetes mellitus during insulin treatment

Caixeta¹,

Aguiar²,

Cardoso-Sousa³

et al. 2020

PLoS ONE

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show abstract

“…[ 3 ] This disease strongly impacts the production and composition of saliva because it is connected with autonomic neuropathies, microvascular alternations, and hormonal imbalances, or a combination of all these. [ 4 ] Saliva is a fluid with complex compound and specific roles[ 5 ] as well as the principal defensive factor in the mouth which contains informative components that can be used as diagnostic markers for human diseases. [ 6 ] There are specific antibody systems in saliva.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of diabetes mellitus type 2 on salivary glucose, immunoglobulin A, total protein, and amylase levels in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of case–control studies

2018

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Background:Saliva is a fluid with the complex compound which can be used as diagnostic markers for type 2 diabetes (T2D). This meta-analysis evaluated salivary glucose, immunoglobulin A (IgA), total protein, and amylase levels in adult T2D compared with the controls as well as the correlation of salivary glucose levels with serum glucose and hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) levels in both groups.Materials and Methods:Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and Cochrane Library databases were searched up to July 2017. A random-effects analysis was performed using the mean difference (MD) and 95% confidence intervals. The search terms were “T2D, IgA, amylase, total protein, or glucose” combination with “saliva.” The studied variables were the sample size, the percentage of male, the mean age, the condition of saliva sampling, and the salivary levels of mentioned factors.Results:A total of 25 studies were included in this meta-analysis with 1432 and 900 diabetic patients and healthy controls, respectively. MD of salivary glucose level in patients with T2D, compared with the healthy controls, in fasting and nonfasting conditions were 6.23 mg/dL (P = 0.0002) and 6.70 mg/dL (P < 0.00001), respectively. Furthermore, the fasting salivary total protein in the patients was significantly higher than the controls (MD = 167.96 mg/dL; P = 0.03). Non-fasting salivary amylase and secretory IgA levels were significantly lower in the patients (MD = −48.61 IU/mL; P < 0.00001) than in the controls (MD = −9.42 IU/mL; P = 0.0006), respectively. The pooled estimate showed a significant correlation between salivary and serum glucose in the patients (r = 0.765; P < 0.001) and the controls (r = 0.646; P < 0.001) and between salivary glucose and serum glycated hemoglobin in the patients (r = 0.721; P < 0.001).Conclusion:Measurement of these salivary factors can be helpful for diagnostic and monitoring purposes of T2D. In addition, salivary glucose as a diagnostic tool can evaluate serum glucose and HbA1c levels in the diabetic patients.

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“…Saliva profile could inform on oral health, for example, a decrease in Gustin leads to a loss of taste, whereas high levels of Cystratin C are being linked to oral inflammatory diseases and periodontitis (Henkin, Martin, & Agarwal, ; Henskens et al., ; Javaid, Ahmed, Durand, & Tran, ). Recent studies also reported that the expression level of salivary enzymes and bioactive peptides could be informative of neuro‐endocrine and metabolic disorders (Abd‐Elraheem, El Saeed, & Mansour, ; Masters et al., ; Sabbadini & Berczi, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post‐weaning xenohormone intake affects adult rat submandibular gland in a sex‐dependent manner

et al. 2018

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Salivary changes in type 2 diabetic patients

Cited by 48 publications

References 13 publications

Salivary molecular spectroscopy: A sustainable, rapid and non-invasive monitoring tool for diabetes mellitus during insulin treatment

Salivary molecular spectroscopy: A sustainable, rapid and non-invasive monitoring tool for diabetes mellitus during insulin treatment

Effect of diabetes mellitus type 2 on salivary glucose, immunoglobulin A, total protein, and amylase levels in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of case–control studies

Post‐weaning xenohormone intake affects adult rat submandibular gland in a sex‐dependent manner

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