Salivary biomarkers as key to monitor personalized oral healthcare and precision dentistry: A scoping review

Abstract

Personalized Oral Healthcare has recently become the new trend word in medicine and dentistry. In this context, saliva diagnostics using various biomarkers seem to be the gateway to personalized dental diagnostics and therapy. But the terminology is not (yet) uniformly defined, furthermore it is unclear to what extent which salivary markers play a relevant role in the therapeutic decision making. In this Scoping Review, an electronic search was conducted in PubMed and Web of Science databases using medical subject headings (MESH terms) “saliva”, “biomarker”, “personality/persons”, and “dentistry”. Only human studies were included, in which repeated salivary measurements were performed to analyze monitoring effects with at least ten patients per group. PRISMA-ScR and Tricco guidelines were followed: (i) to examine what salivary biomarkers have been explored in terms of personalized oral healthcare and precision dentistry, (ii) to investigate the clinical relevance for oral health and its correlation to systemic health, and (iii) to summarize an outlook for future developments based on these results. Out of 899 studies, a total of 57 were included for data extraction in this Scoping Review, mainly focusing on periodontal therapy and patient monitoring. Salivary biomarkers have shown the potential to change the field of dentistry in all dental disciplines as a key for personalized workflows. The increasing interest in dental research is obvious, demonstrated by the growing number of publications in recent years. At this time, however, the predominant discipline is periodontology, which allows biomarker-based monitoring of the disease prevention and progression. The studies included showed heterogeneous methods using manifolds biomarkers. Therefore, no uniformly accepted concept can be presented today. Further clinical research with well-defined outcomes including standardized procedures is necessary.

Salivary High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein and Its Clinical Relevance in Modern Medicine: A Comprehensive Review

“…Salivary biomarkers play an integral role in clinical research by providing a noninvasive and easily accessible avenue for monitoring health status, disease progression, onset, and treatment outcomes [ 15 , 17 ]. Often referred to as the "mirror of the body," saliva harbors specific biomarkers linked to health and disease, positioning it as a valuable medium for comprehensive health surveillance [ 18 ].…”

“…Often referred to as the "mirror of the body," saliva harbors specific biomarkers linked to health and disease, positioning it as a valuable medium for comprehensive health surveillance [ 18 ]. The advancement of salivary diagnostic technologies and the identification of salivary biomarkers have significantly bolstered the diagnostic utility of saliva in clinical settings, offering insights into personalized oral healthcare and precision dentistry [ 17 ]. Extensive research endeavors have been directed toward identifying salivary biomarkers for various conditions, encompassing infectious diseases such as Zika virus and Helicobacter pylori bacterial infection and oral and systemic disorders [ 17 , 19 ].…”

“…The advancement of salivary diagnostic technologies and the identification of salivary biomarkers have significantly bolstered the diagnostic utility of saliva in clinical settings, offering insights into personalized oral healthcare and precision dentistry [ 17 ]. Extensive research endeavors have been directed toward identifying salivary biomarkers for various conditions, encompassing infectious diseases such as Zika virus and Helicobacter pylori bacterial infection and oral and systemic disorders [ 17 , 19 ]. Saliva is a promising tool for detecting early symptom onset, facilitating disease monitoring, and tailoring personalized treatment strategies.…”

Kişiselleştirilmiş Diş Hekimliği

“…Örneğin bu teknolojiler periodontal hastalıklarda, oral mikrobiyomun kontrolü ve modülasyonunun yanı sıra periodontal inflamasyonun yönetimine dayalı yeni nesil tedavi protokollerinin gelişimine olanak sağlayacaktır. 4,5 Ameloblastoma gibi lokal agresif ve ekstensif cerrahi işlem endikasyonu olan odontojenik tümörlerde, belirlenen moleküler gen profili ile hem tümörün rekürrens riski öngörülebilecek hem de uygun olan hastalarda yapılacak anti inhibitör akıllı ilaç tedavisi ile tümör boyutu küçülebilecek veya tamamen ortadan kalkabilecektir.…”

“…Oral lezyonların ve hastalıklarının tanısı ve tedavisinde ve hastalıkların şiddetinin azaltılmasında: biyobelirteçler, hastaya yönelik farmakogenomik işlemlerde; nanoteknoloji ve gen tedavileri, rekonstrüktif diş hekimliğinde; doku mühendisliği, nanoteknoloji, yapay zeka uygulamaları yer almaktadır. [3][4][5] Diğer taraftan, alt yapının oluşturulması ve getireceği mali külfet, verilerin saklanması ve paylaşımındaki etik değerlerin belirlenmesi ve diş hekimlerinin multidisipliner odaklı çalışma sistemine geçmesi hassas diş hekimliği uygulamasındaki zorluklar olarak gözükmektedir. Yine de hızla gelişen tüm bu teknolojiler kişselleştirilmiş (hassas) diş hekimliğinin kaçınılmaz olarak gelecekte rutin klinik uygulamada benimsenen yaklaşım olacağını göstermektedir.…”