Salivary Biomarkers: A Periodontal Overview

Abstract

The current clinical diagnostic criterias which were introduced almost half a century ago continue to function as the basis of oral diagnosis in today's clinical practice. Evolvement with time is now brought us to the era of biomarkers. It's a new paradigm for periodontal diagnosis which is of immense benefit in managing periodontitis patients. Biomarkers are tell – tale molecules that can be used to monitor health status, disease onset, treatment response and outcome. These biomarkers can be obtained from blood components such as: serum or plasma. However because of it's being an invasive procedure other body fluids such as saliva and GCF are being considered for potential source of biomarkers. The simple and non-invasive nature of saliva collection and its high sensitivity assay development has led to the salivary biomarkers being a promising future for periodontal diagnosis.

Periodontal Proteomics: Wonders Never Cease!

“…The phenotypic markers for junctional and oral sulcular epithelia can be used as indicators of periodontal disease [8]. McLaughlin demonstrated that “the keratin concentration in GCF was significantly higher at sites exhibiting signs of gingivitis and periodontitis compared with healthy sites [81].…”

“…” Salivary volatiles can be used as possible diagnostic markers in individuals with moderate to severe periodontitis, although no specific association between levels of volatiles and periodontal status has been reported [8]. …”

“…The diagnosis of dynamic phase of disease, identifying patient at risk for periodontal disease, and focusing on early identification of microbial confront to host are tranquil for clinical investigations [ 3 , 8 , 9 ]. So there has been increasing interest in exploring protein biomarkers to get optimal, best possible, novel, and noninvasive approaches for the above stated causes [ 3 , 8 ]. Thus the knowledge of periodontal disease indicator is a must to ultimately improve the clinical management of periodontal patients [ 8 ].…”

“…So there has been increasing interest in exploring protein biomarkers to get optimal, best possible, novel, and noninvasive approaches for the above stated causes [ 3 , 8 ]. Thus the knowledge of periodontal disease indicator is a must to ultimately improve the clinical management of periodontal patients [ 8 ].…”

“…These are connective tissue derived molecules. They are associated with local bone metabolism confined to periodontitis and systemic conditions like osteoporosis or metastatic bone cancers [ 8 ].…”