Salivary alterations in type 2 (non‐insulin‐dependent) diabetes mellitus and hypertension

Dodds, Michael; Yeh, Chih Ko; Johnson, D. A.

doi:10.1034/j.1600-0528.2000.028005373.x

Cited by 106 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…[18][19][20] Bilateral enlargement of the parotid salivary glands has been reported to occur in 10-48% of diabetic patients 21,22 and may be more common in patients with poorly controlled diabetes. 23 The enlargements are caused by gradual accumulation of fat in the glands, hypertrophy of the acini or secreting units, and, eventually, impaired glandular secretion.…”

Section: Salivary Gland Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Periodontal Oral Manifestations of Diabetes: A Framework for Medical Care Providers

Gandara

Morton

2011

Diabetes Spectrum

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Section: Salivary Gland Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Periodontal Oral Manifestations of Diabetes: A Framework for Medical Care Providers

Gandara

Morton

2011

Diabetes Spectrum

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“…Similar results were obtained in type 1 diabetic children; diabetics had neither salivary total protein nor albumin concentrations that were significantly different from controls, however, IgA and IgG levels were increased (12). In a large study performed in non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients, a significant increase of the concentration of lactoferrin, myeloperoxidase, and salivary peroxidase in stimulated parotid saliva, and of total protein, albumin, lactoferrin, and secretory IgA in stimulated submandibular/sublingual saliva was shown with respect to controls (13). In the same study it was also established that submandibular/sublingual salivary cystatin concentration did not significantly differ between diabetics and controls.…”

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confidence: 99%

Alterations of the Salivary Secretory Peptidome Profile in Children Affected by Type 1 Diabetes

Cabras

Pisano

Mastinu

et al. 2010

Molecular & Cellular Proteomics

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The acidic soluble fraction of whole saliva of type 1 diabetic children was analyzed by reversed phase (RP) 1 -HPLC-ESI-MS and compared with that of sex-and age-matched control subjects. Salivary acidic proline-rich phosphoproteins (aPRP), histatins, ␣-defensins, salivary cystatins, statherin, proline-rich peptide P-B (P-B), betathymosins, S100A8 and S100A9*(S100A9* corresponds to S100A9 vairant lacking the first four amino acids), as well some naturally occurring peptides derived from salivary acidic proline-rich phosphoproteins, histatins, statherin, and P-B peptide, were detected and quantified on the basis of the extracted ion current peak area. The level of phosphorylation of salivary acidic proline-rich phosphoproteins, histatin-1 (Hst-1), statherin and S100A9* and the percentage of truncated forms of salivary acidic proline-rich phosphoproteins was also determined in the two groups. The study revealed that statherin, proline-rich peptide P-B, P-C peptide, and histatins, were significantly less concentrated in saliva of diabetic subjects than in controls, while concentration of ␣-defensins 1, 2 and 4 and S100A9* was higher. The low concentration of P-C peptide was paralleled by high levels of some of its fragments. On the whole, the study highlighted the severe impairment of the repertoire of peptides involved in the safeguard of the oral cavity in children who have diabetes, as well as an higher concentration of the proinflammatory mediator S100A9* with respect to healthy children. Molecular & Cellular Proteomics 9:2099 -2108, 2010.Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a disease with universal distribution, affecting all populations (1) with an incidence increasing in Europe (2). Because type 1 diabetes involves many organs and tissues, signs and symptoms of diabetes can occur in the oral cavity. Indeed, several studies have shown that the prevalence, severity, and progression of periodontal diseases are significantly increased in diabetics, and the pathology is considered an important risk factor for periodontitis (3). The study of Lalla et al. (4) showed an association between diabetes and the increased risk for periodontal destruction even very early in life. Flow rate and composition of saliva are crucial for the maintenance of oral cavity health, and both have been found altered in diabetic subjects, although with contradictory findings. For instance, several studies reported a reduced resting salivary flow rate in adults and children who have type 1 diabetes with respect to healthy subjects (5-10), but it was also observed that stimulated saliva of diabetics and controls did not significantly differ (11,12). Total protein concentration of saliva was found either increased or not affected by the diabetic status. Lopez et al. (9) reported higher urea and total protein salivary content in diabetic children than in controls. Conversely, a study on 35 adult insulin-dependent diabetics demonstrated that they did not show a decreased saliva concentration of several innate antimicrobial factors (lysozyme, lactoferri...

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“…Lactoferrin detection has been related to periodontitis (Komine et al, 2007), type 2 diabetes mellitus (Dodds et al, 2000), and Sjö gren's syndrome both by ELISA and Western blotting (Carpenter et al, 2000). Although only a few biomarkers are confirmed by other methods, several biomarkers found in most studies were not confirmed by other analyses or by other non-MS methods.…”

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confidence: 99%

Defining Salivary Biomarkers Using Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomics: A Systematic Review

AlTarawneh

Border

Dibble

et al. 2011

OMICS: A Journal of Integrative Biology

158

132

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Recent advancements in mass spectrometric proteomics provide a promising result in utilizing saliva to explore biomarkers for diagnostic purposes. However, the issues of specificity or redundancy of disease-associated salivary biomarkers have not been described. This systematic review was therefore aimed to define and summarize disease-related salivary biomarkers identified by mass spectrometry proteomics. Peer-reviewed articles published through July 2009 within three databases were reviewed. Out of 243 articles, 21 studies were selected in this systematic review with conditions including Sjö gren's syndrome, squamous cell carcinoma, dental caries, diabetes, breast cancer, periodontitis, gastric cancer, systemic sclerosis, oral lichen planus, bleeding oral cavity, and graft-versus-host disease. The sample size ranged from 3-41 in both diseased and control subjects, with no consensus on sample collection protocol. One hundred eighty biomarkers were identified in total; 87 upregulated, 63 downregulated, and 30 varying based on disease. Except for Sjö gren's syndrome, the majority of studies with the same disease produce inconsistent biomarkers. Larger sample size and standardization of sample collection/treatment protocol may improve future studies.

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Salivary alterations in type 2 (non‐insulin‐dependent) diabetes mellitus and hypertension

Abstract: The pattern of decreased flow rates and increased protein concentrations were similar, but consistently greater in diabetics than hypertensives, suggesting that disease-specific mechanisms may be responsible. Diabetics may be more prone to oral dryness and infections than non-diabetics.

Cited by 106 publications

References 35 publications

Non-Periodontal Oral Manifestations of Diabetes: A Framework for Medical Care Providers

Non-Periodontal Oral Manifestations of Diabetes: A Framework for Medical Care Providers

Alterations of the Salivary Secretory Peptidome Profile in Children Affected by Type 1 Diabetes

Defining Salivary Biomarkers Using Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomics: A Systematic Review

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