Saliva specimens for detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in Kuwait: A cross-sectional study

Altawalah, Haya; Alhuraish, Fatma; Alkandari, Wafaa Ali; Ezzikouri, Sayeh

doi:10.1016/j.jcv.2020.104652

Cited by 59 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Among COVID-19 suspected patients from Kuwait, 83.43% were positive from saliva samples (27). In present study RT-PCR analysis revealed that the prevalence rate of COVID-19 during 3-10th October in Islamabad/Rawalpindi region of Pakistan was 0.3%, indicating signi cantly decline pattern compared to near past.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 45%

Evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 Antigen-Based Rapid Diagnostic Kits in Pakistan: Formulation of COVID-19 National Testing Strategy.

Saeed

Uppal²,

Piracha³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Rapid diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 during pandemic enables timely treatment and prevention of COVID-19. Evaluating the accuracy and reliability of rapid diagnostic testing kits is crucial for surveillance and diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infections in general population, injection drug users, multi-transfused populations, healthcare workers, prisoners, barbers and other high risk populations. The aim of this study was to evaluate performance and effectiveness of nasopharyngeal swab (NSP) and saliva based rapid antigen detection testing kits in comparison with USFDA approved triple target gold standard real-time polymerase chain reaction. A cross-sectional sectional study was conducted on 33,000 COVID-19 suspected patients. From RT-PCR positive patients, nasopharyngeal swab (NSP) and saliva samples were obtained for evaluation of rapid COVID-19 testing kits (RDT). 100/33000 (0.3%) of specimens were RT-PCR positive for SARS-CoV-2. Among RT-PCR positive, 62% were males, 34% were females, and 4% were children. The NSP-RDT (Lepu Medical China) analysis revealed 53% reactivity among males, 58% reactivity among females, and 25% reactivity among children. However saliva based RDT (Lepu Medical China) analysis showed 21% reactivity among males and 23% among females, and no reactivity in children. False negative results were significantly more pronounced in saliva based RDT as compared to NSP-RDT. The sensitivity of these NSP-RDT and saliva based RDT were 52% and 21% respectively. The RDTs evaluated in this study showed limited sensitivities in comparison to gold standard RT-PCR, indicating that there is a dire need in Pakistan for development of suitable testing to improve accurate COVID-19 diagnosis in line with national demands.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 45%

Evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 Antigen-Based Rapid Diagnostic Kits in Pakistan: Formulation of COVID-19 National Testing Strategy.

Saeed

Uppal²,

Piracha³

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Porte et al, 2020 evaluated fluorescence immunochromatographic SARS-CoV-2 antigen test with nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs from 127 samples including 82 RT-PCR confirmed patients, with overall sensitivity of 93.9% [26]. Among COVID-19 suspected patients from Kuwait, 83.43% were positive from saliva samples [27]. In present study RT-PCR analysis revealed that the prevalence rate of COVID-19 during 3-10th October in Islamabad/ Rawalpindi region of Pakistan was 0.3%, indicating significantly decline pattern compared to near past.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 antigen-based rapid diagnostic kits in Pakistan: formulation of COVID-19 national testing strategy

Saeed¹,

Uppal²,

Piracha³

et al. 2021

Virol J

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Rapid diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 during pandemic enables timely treatment and prevention of COVID-19. Evaluating the accuracy and reliability of rapid diagnostic testing kits is crucial for surveillance and diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infections in general population, injection drug users, multi-transfused populations, healthcare workers, prisoners, barbers and other high risk populations. The aim of this study was to evaluate performance and effectiveness of nasopharyngeal swab (NSP) and saliva based rapid antigen detection testing kits in comparison with USFDA approved triple target gold standard real-time polymerase chain reaction. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 33,000 COVID-19 suspected patients. From RT-PCR positive patients, nasopharyngeal swab (NSP) and saliva samples were obtained for evaluation of rapid COVID-19 testing kits (RDT). 100/33,000 (0.3%) of specimens were RT-PCR positive for SARS-CoV-2. Among RT-PCR positive, 62% were males, 34% were females, and 4% were children. The NSP-RDT (Lepu Medical China) analysis revealed 53% reactivity among males, 58% reactivity among females, and 25% reactivity among children. However saliva based RDT (Lepu Medical China) analysis showed 21% reactivity among males and 23% among females, and no reactivity in children. False negative results were significantly more pronounced in saliva based RDT as compared to NSP-RDT. The sensitivity of these NSP-RDT and saliva based RDT were 52% and 21% respectively. The RDTs evaluated in this study showed limited sensitivities in comparison to gold standard RT-PCR, indicating that there is a dire need in Pakistan for development of suitable testing to improve accurate COVID-19 diagnosis in line with national demands.

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“…We thus searched additional studies in PubMed with the key words "((SARS-CoV-2 OR COVID- 19 What did the researchers do and find?…”

Section: Author Summarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening for SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR: saliva or nasopharyngeal swab? Systematic review and meta-analysis

Ibrahimi

Delaunay‐Moisan

Hill

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Diagnosis of COVID-19 in symptomatic patients and screening of populations for SARS-CoV-2 infection require access to straightforward, low-cost and high-throughput testing. The recommended nasopharyngeal swab tests are limited by the need of trained professionals and specific consumables and this procedure is poorly accepted as a screening method. The use of alternative validated samples such as saliva is thus much awaited. In order to compare saliva and nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal samples for the detection of SARS-CoV-2, we designed a meta-analysis searching in PubMed up to December 29th, 2020 with the key words ((SARS-CoV-2 OR COVID-19) AND (saliva OR oral fluid)) NOT (review[Publication Type] applying the following criteria: records published in peer reviewed scientific journals, in English, with at least 15 nasopharyngeal/orapharyngeal swabs and saliva paired samples tested by RT-PCR, studies with available raw data including numbers of positive and negative tests with the two sampling methods. For all studies, concordance and sensitivity were calculated and then pooled in a random-effects model. A total of 318 studies were retrieved, of which 49 were eligible, reporting on 16,272 pairs of nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal and saliva samples. Meta-analysis showed high concordance, 92.6% (95%CI: 89.6-94.8), across studies and pooled sensitivities of 86.7% (95%CI: 83.5-89.3) and 92.2 (95%CI: 89.4-94.4) from saliva and nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal swabs respectively. Heterogeneity across studies was 80.0% for saliva and 84.0% for nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal swabs. Our meta-analysis strongly suggests that saliva could be used for frequent testing of COVID-19 patients and en masse screening of populations.

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Saliva specimens for detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in Kuwait: A cross-sectional study

Cited by 59 publications

References 27 publications

Evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 Antigen-Based Rapid Diagnostic Kits in Pakistan: Formulation of COVID-19 National Testing Strategy.

Evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 Antigen-Based Rapid Diagnostic Kits in Pakistan: Formulation of COVID-19 National Testing Strategy.

Evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 antigen-based rapid diagnostic kits in Pakistan: formulation of COVID-19 national testing strategy

Screening for SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR: saliva or nasopharyngeal swab? Systematic review and meta-analysis

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