Saliva fractions from South African Russian wheat aphid biotypes induce differential defence responses in wheat

Mohase, Lintle; Taiwe, Bernice

doi:10.1080/02571862.2015.1053154

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Early studies [41,42] indicated that the symptoms elicited by D. noxia feeding are induced by protein-containing portions of whole-body extracts and that these effectors may differ between biotypes. The proteinaceous nature of the effectors responsible for the host phenotypic response was confirmed by Mohase and Taiwe [43] and were furthermore shown to be present in the aphid saliva. Salivary proteins from D. noxia were specifically studied by Cooper et al [19,44] which indicated that the salivary protein profile differed in response to host specificity and the type of damage inflicted on the host.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Whole-body transcriptome mining for candidate effectors from Diuraphis noxia

2022

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Background Proteins within aphid saliva play a crucial role as the molecular interface between aphids and their host plants. These salivary effectors modulate plant responses to favour aphid feeding and facilitate infestation. The identification of effectors from economically important pest species is central in understanding the molecular events during the aphid-plant interaction. The Russian wheat aphid (Diuraphis noxia, Kurdjumov) is one such pest that causes devastating losses to wheat and barley yields worldwide. Despite the severe threat to food security posed by D. noxia, the non-model nature of this pest and its host has hindered progress towards understanding this interaction. In this study, in the absence of a salivary gland transcriptome, whole-body transcriptomics data was mined to generate a candidate effector catalogue for D. noxia. Results Mining the transcriptome identified 725 transcripts encoding putatively secreted proteins amongst which were transcripts specific to D. noxia. Six of the seven examined D. noxia putative effectors, termed DnE’s (Diuraphis noxia effectors) exhibited salivary gland-specific expression. A comparative analysis between whole-body D. noxia transcriptome data versus the head and body transcriptomes from three other aphid species allowed us to define a catalogue of transcripts putatively upregulated in D. noxia head tissue. Five of these were selected for RT-qPCR confirmation, and were found to corroborate the differential expression predictions, with a further three confirmed to be highly expressed in D. noxia salivary gland tissue. Conclusions Determining a putative effector catalogue for D. noxia from whole-transcriptome data, particularly the identification of salivary-specific sequences potentially unique to D. noxia, provide the basis for future functional characterisation studies to gain further insight into this aphid-plant interaction. Furthermore, due to a lack of publicly available aphid salivary gland transcriptome data, the capacity to use comparative transcriptomics to compile a list of putative effector candidates from whole-body transcriptomics data will further the study of effectors in various aphid species.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Whole-body transcriptome mining for candidate effectors from Diuraphis noxia

2022

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“…Tugela, Tugela Dn1, and Tugela Dn5 wheat cultivars were infested with RWASA2 according to Jimoh et al (2013) and Mohase and Taiwe (2015). Twenty freshly harvested adult RWASA2 clone aphids were used to infest each plant at the three-leaf growth stage.…”

Section: Russian Wheat Aphid (Rwasa2) Infestationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional characterization of cell wall-associated β-glucanases and peroxidase induced during wheat-Diuraphis noxia inteactions.

Zondo,

Mohase,

Tolmay

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Wheat plants infested by Russian wheat aphids (RWA) induce a cascade of defence responses, which include increased activity of β-1,3-glucanase and peroxidase (POD). There is a lack of information regarding β-1,3-glucanase and POD synergistic effects on the plant cell wall modification and characterisation during wheat-RWA infestation. This study aimed to characterise the physicochemical properties of the cell wall-bound POD and β-1,3-glucanase during RWA-wheat interaction. The susceptible Tugela, moderately resistant Tugela Dn1, and resistant Tugela Dn5 cultivars were planted in a glasshouse to a seedling stage before being infested with RWASA2 for 14 days. The findings showed a significant increase in β-1,3-glucanase and POD activities in the infested Tugela Dn5 and Tugela-Dn1 cultivars over the 14 days. However, in the Tugela enzymes were repressed. In addition, it was shown for the first time that β-1,3-1,4-glucanase activity specific toward mixed-linked glucan was significant in the resistant cultivar over 14 days. β-1,3-glucanase, β-1,3-1,4-glucanase and POD displayed optimum at pH 5. β-1,3-glucanase and POD displayed temperature optimum at 40 and 50°C, respectively. However, β-1,3-1,4-glucanase had temperature optimum at 25°C. β-1,3-glucanase and POD had a thermo-stability at 37°C followed by about 80% relative activity at 70°C, but β-1,3-1,4-glucanase displayed thermostability at 25°C and retained more than 75% at 70°C, confirming that β-1,3-1,4-glucanase and β-1,3-glucanase induced in the resistant cultivars cell wall were two different enzymes. Mechanism of actions and oligosaccharide displayed that β-1,3-glucanase was highly active against β-1,3-glucan and required a triose and higher oligosaccharide to be active. Our findings demonstrated cell-wall bound POD and β-1,3-glucanase activities significantly increased in wheat after RWASA2 infestation, revealing they acted synergistically to reinforce the cell wall to deter RWASA2 feeding in resistant cultivars.

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Functional characterisation of cell wall-associated β-glucanases and peroxidase induced during wheat-Diuraphis noxia interactions

Zondo,

Mohase,

Tolmay

et al. 2024

Biologia

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Wheat plants infested by Russian wheat aphids (RWA) induce a cascade of defence responses, which include increased activity of β-1,3-glucanase and peroxidase (POD). There is a lack of information regarding β-1,3-glucanase and POD synergistic effects on the plant cell wall modification and characterisation during wheat-RWA infestation. This study aimed to characterise the physicochemical properties of the cell wall-bound POD and β-1,3-glucanase during RWA-wheat interaction. The susceptible Tugela, moderately resistant Tugela-Dn1, and resistant Tugela-Dn5 cultivars were planted in a glasshouse to a seedling stage before being infested with RWASA2 for 14 days. The findings showed a significant increase in β-1,3-glucanase and POD activities in the infested Tugela-Dn5 and Tugela-Dn1 cultivars over the 14 days. However, in the Tugela enzymes were repressed. In addition, it was shown for the first time that β-1,3 − 1,4-glucanase activity specific toward mixed-linked glucan was significant in the resistant cultivar over 14 days. β-1,3-glucanase, β-1,3 − 1,4-glucanase and POD displayed optimum at pH 5. β-1,3-glucanase and POD displayed temperature optimum at 40 and 50 °C, respectively. However, β-1,3 − 1,4-glucanase had temperature optimum at 25 °C. β-1,3-glucanase and POD had a thermo-stability at 37 °C followed by about 80% relative activity at 70 °C, but β-1,3 − 1,4-glucanase displayed thermostability at 25 °C and retained more than 75% at 70 °C, confirming that β-1,3 − 1,4-glucanase and β-1,3-glucanase induced in the resistant cultivars cell wall were two different enzymes. Mechanism of actions and oligosaccharide displayed that β-1,3-glucanase was highly active against β-1,3-glucan and required a triose and higher oligosaccharide to be active. Our findings demonstrated cell-wall bound POD and β-1,3-glucanase activities significantly increased in wheat after RWASA2 infestation, revealing they acted synergistically to reinforce the cell wall to deter RWASA2 feeding in resistant cultivars.

show abstract

Saliva fractions from South African Russian wheat aphid biotypes induce differential defence responses in wheat

Cited by 4 publications

References 34 publications

Whole-body transcriptome mining for candidate effectors from Diuraphis noxia

Whole-body transcriptome mining for candidate effectors from Diuraphis noxia

Functional characterization of cell wall-associated β-glucanases and peroxidase induced during wheat-Diuraphis noxia inteactions.

Functional characterisation of cell wall-associated β-glucanases and peroxidase induced during wheat-Diuraphis noxia interactions

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