Saliva Collection Methods Among Children and Adolescents: A Scoping Review

Abstract

Objective Saliva can be used for screening and diagnostic purposes. Although multiple saliva collection methods are available, their use in children can be limited due to lack of cooperation, developmental stage, and age. The aim of this scoping review was to comprehensively appraise the different methods of saliva collection among both children and adolescents by assessing the available scientific literature. Methods A literature search was performed using the databases PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. Eligible studies on saliva collection methods among children and adolescents were included for this review. Results The literature search identified 249 eligible articles, of which 205 had a cross-sectional study design. Four distinct saliva collection methods have surfaced: the drooling method, the absorption method, the spitting method, and the suction method. Among infants or children under the age of 6 years, the suction and absorption methods were most preferred. The drooling and spitting methods were only applicable among children above the age of 3 years. When children were not willing to cooperate, the absorption method was most feasible. In adolescents and older children, no specific method was found to be preferred over another method. Conclusion Overall, saliva collection is well tolerated by children and adolescents, with the absorption and suction methods being preferred with young and uncooperative children. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40291-023-00684-9.

Salivary interleukin-17A and interleukin-18 levels in patients with celiac disease and periodontitis

“…The study selected for the spitting method over drooling for saliva collection due to its capacity to gather both stimulated and unstimulated saliva, reflecting a comprehensive oral health status. This method is known for its robustness in measuring salivary flow rate and content, fundamental to our study’s investigation ( Fey, Bikker & Hesse, 2024 ; Özçaka, Nalbantsoy & Buduneli, 2011 ).…”

“…After an overnight fast, a saliva sample was taken between 9:00 AM and 12:00 PM on the exact same day. Whole saliva was collected using spitting method ( Fey, Bikker & Hesse, 2024 ; Navazesh, 1993 ; Navazesh & Kumar, 2008 ) so as to collect both stimulated and unstimulated saliva. A sterile tube was placed on ice and the subjects were instructed to spit approximately 5 ml of saliva.…”