Saliva biomarkers in neurological disorders: A “spitting image” of brain health?

Walton, Emma Louise

doi:10.1016/j.bj.2018.04.005

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…As in a few other conditions (pediatric celiac disease [ 38 ], mild cognitive impairment [ 2 ], sport performance/fatigue [ 3 , 39 ], T2D [ 5 , 40 ]/T1D [ 41 ], and some neurological conditions [ 42 ]), our study shows that salivary metabolomics may represent a useful tool to obtain additional pathomechanistic information and serve as a possible clue to individuate novel disease diagnostic biomarkers data also in pediatric obesity. From our results, overall it appears that several salivary metabolites and metabolic pathways contribute to a complex metabolic fingerprint of obesity, obesity-related NAFLD and obesity-related MetS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…Second, our findings related to VIP metabolites should be interpreted with caution given that these were obtained on only one saliva sample for each of the participant children. Although saliva was revealed to be a reliable biofluid for metabolomics studies [ 17 ], neurological disorder [ 42 ], and T1D [ 41 ], the likely risks of poor reproducibility persist. In fact, possible, differences among unstimulated, stimulated (e.g., obtained with oral movements such as gentle mastication), and pure parotid saliva exist [ 54 , 55 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metabolomic Salivary Signature of Pediatric Obesity Related Liver Disease and Metabolic Syndrome

et al. 2019

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Pediatric obesity-related metabolic syndrome (MetS) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are increasingly frequent conditions with a still-elusive diagnosis and low-efficacy treatment and monitoring options. In this study, we investigated the salivary metabolomic signature, which has been uncharacterized to date. In this pilot-nested case-control study over a transversal design, 41 subjects (23 obese patients and 18 normal weight (NW) healthy controls), characterized based on medical history, clinical, anthropometric, and laboratory data, were recruited. Liver involvement, defined according to ultrasonographic liver brightness, allowed for the allocation of the patients into four groups: obese with hepatic steatosis ([St+], n = 15) and without hepatic steatosis ([St–], n = 8), and with (n = 10) and without (n = 13) MetS. A partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) model was devised to classify the patients’ classes based on their salivary metabolomic signature. Pediatric obesity and its related liver disease and metabolic syndrome appear to have distinct salivary metabolomic signatures. The difference is notable in metabolites involved in energy, amino and organic acid metabolism, as well as in intestinal bacteria metabolism, possibly reflecting diet, fatty acid synthase pathways, and the strict interaction between microbiota and intestinal mucins. This information expands the current understanding of NAFLD pathogenesis, potentially translating into better targeted monitoring and/or treatment strategies in the future.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolomic Salivary Signature of Pediatric Obesity Related Liver Disease and Metabolic Syndrome

et al. 2019

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“…Mounting evidence demonstrates that saliva miRNAs may provide a novel window into the brain, 114 - 117 and that salivary miRNA levels may have utility in TBI. 37 , 38 , 49 , 99 Although saliva and blood share some common miRNA biomarkers following TBI ( Figures 1A and B ), the 2 biofluids also demonstrate distinct signatures after injury.…”

Section: Future Directions: Providing Clarity and Clinical Applicabilmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of MicroRNA Biomarkers in Traumatic Brain Injury

Atif¹,

2019

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There is growing public concern surrounding traumatic brain injury (TBI). TBI can cause significant morbidity, and the long-term sequelae are poorly understood. TBI diagnosis and management rely on patient-reported symptoms and subjective clinical assessment. There are no biologic tools to detect mild TBI or to track brain recovery. Emerging evidence suggests that microRNAs (miRNAs) may provide information about the injured brain. These tiny epigenetic molecules are expressed throughout the body. However, they are particularly important in neurons, can cross the blood-brain barrier, and are securely transported from cell to cell, where they regulate gene expression. miRNA levels may identify patients with TBI and predict symptom duration. This review synthesizes miRNA findings from 14 human studies. We distill more than 291 miRNAs to 17 biomarker candidates that overlap across multiple studies and multiple biofluids. The goal of this review is to establish a collective understanding of miRNA biology in TBI and identify clinical priorities for future investigations of this promising biomarker.

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“…Since urine is a blood filtrate, it may also contain potentially critical biomarkers [ 156 , 157 , 158 ]. Likewise, tears [ 80 , 159 ] and saliva [ 160 , 161 ] also contain proteins that might be potential biomarkers for MS. Although urine, tears, and saliva are easily accessible, urine and tears have been rarely used [ 80 , 81 ] or, in the case of saliva, not used at all in MS proteomic studies.…”

Section: Protein Biomarkers and Biological Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proteomics of Multiple Sclerosis: Inherent Issues in Defining the Pathoetiology and Identifying (Early) Biomarkers

Sen

Almuslehi

Shortland

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease of the human central nervous system having an unconfirmed pathoetiology. Although animal models are used to mimic the pathology and clinical symptoms, no single model successfully replicates the full complexity of MS from its initial clinical identification through disease progression. Most importantly, a lack of preclinical biomarkers is hampering the earliest possible diagnosis and treatment. Notably, the development of rationally targeted therapeutics enabling pre-emptive treatment to halt the disease is also delayed without such biomarkers. Using literature mining and bioinformatic analyses, this review assessed the available proteomic studies of MS patients and animal models to discern (1) whether the models effectively mimic MS; and (2) whether reasonable biomarker candidates have been identified. The implication and necessity of assessing proteoforms and the critical importance of this to identifying rational biomarkers are discussed. Moreover, the challenges of using different proteomic analytical approaches and biological samples are also addressed.

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Saliva biomarkers in neurological disorders: A “spitting image” of brain health?

Cited by 12 publications

References 26 publications

Metabolomic Salivary Signature of Pediatric Obesity Related Liver Disease and Metabolic Syndrome

Metabolomic Salivary Signature of Pediatric Obesity Related Liver Disease and Metabolic Syndrome

A Review of MicroRNA Biomarkers in Traumatic Brain Injury

Proteomics of Multiple Sclerosis: Inherent Issues in Defining the Pathoetiology and Identifying (Early) Biomarkers

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