Saliva as a source of anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgG for enzyme immunoassay in human samples

Sampaio, Barbara Fialho Carvalho; Macre, M. S.; Meireles, Luciana Regina; Andrade, Heitor Franco de

doi:10.1111/1469-0691.12295

Cited by 16 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Previous reports have shown that anti‐ T. gondii IgG, IgM and IgA abs are present in saliva. In some studies, the salivary IgA and IgG levels reflect those in serum, but they show low sensitivity and specificity values, as in the present study . To our knowledge, searches of anti‐ T. gondii IgG subclasses have not been performed in saliva.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 58%

“…In some studies, the salivary IgA and IgG levels reflect those in serum, but they show low sensitivity and specificity values, as in the present study. [10][11][12][13][14][15][16] To our knowledge, searches of anti-T. gondii IgG subclasses have not been performed in saliva. We hoped they could help diagnose or suggest prognosis, but we found a rather different panorama, as they performed badly, mainly because most positive cases for specific IgG2, IgG3 and IgG4 abs in saliva were negative in serum and did not correlate to IgG abs either; thus, they exhibited very low diagnostic parameters.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Different methods have been adapted for the detection of toxoplasmosis infection phase, for confirmation of congenital infection and even to monitor the effectiveness of treatment . As saliva samples are more accessible and their collection is less invasive than serum, several studies have focused on the detection of IgG, IgM or IgA abs in this oral fluid, those being the IgG abs with a better diagnostic performance …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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What do anti‐Toxoplasma gondii IgA and IgG subclasses in human saliva indicate?

Cañedo-Solares

Gómez‐Chávez

Luna-Pastén

et al. 2018

Parasite Immunology

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Diagnostic tests for toxoplasmosis are based on serological techniques due to their high sensitivity. Some IgG subclasses are related to clinical outcome in the congenital form. In this work, we determined the levels of IgG, IgA, IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 and IgG4 anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in paired saliva and serum samples from 91 women by indirect ELISA using a crude extract of the RH strain. The levels of IgA, IgG2, IgG3 and IgG4 antibodies and, to a lesser extent, IgG1 did not correlate between saliva and serum, that is, most cases that were positive for one Ig class in a sample were negative or very low in the other, and vice versa. We also observed that most samples of saliva that were positive for one IgG subclass were also positive for at least 2 of the other 3; this contrasted with findings in serum, wherein each person was positive almost exclusively for one subclass, as demonstrated before by us and other researchers. Although these findings are disappointing for the use in diagnosis, the richer response in saliva might indicate local exposure to T. gondii antigens without systemic infection; thus, saliva might be reflecting a local (protective?) response against this protozoan.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 58%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

What do anti‐Toxoplasma gondii IgA and IgG subclasses in human saliva indicate?

Cañedo-Solares

Gómez‐Chávez

Luna-Pastén

et al. 2018

Parasite Immunology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…These attributes could help fill gaps in infectious disease surveillance in populations typically underrepresented in health research including those in remote and resource-limited settings and children and pregnant women. Tests using oral fluid have been developed for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) [10, 11], hepatitis A virus [12], hepatitis C virus [12–14], norovirus [15, 16], Cryptosporidium parvum [15–17], cytomegalovirus [18], Helicobacter pylori [15], and Toxoplasma gondii [19, 20] and been shown to yield similar sensitivities and specificities as serum-based ELISAs to assess past and recent infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of an oral fluid immunoassay to assess past and recent hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection

Pisanic

Rahman

Saha

et al. 2017

Journal of Immunological Methods

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Background Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide, particularly among pregnant women. In clinical settings blood-based testing protocols are commonly used to diagnose HEV infection, but in community settings such invasive sampling can hinder study participation and limit discovery of the ecology and natural history of HEV infection. Oral fluid is a non-invasive biospecimen that can harbor pathogen-specific antibodies and has the potential to replace blood-based testing protocols. Objectives To develop an immunoassay to assess past and recent HEV infection that uses oral fluid instead of serum or plasma. Methods The assay was validated using paired oral fluid and serum samples collected from 141 patients who presented either with (n=76) or without (n=65) symptoms of acute viral hepatitis at a clinical diagnostics center in Dhaka, Bangladesh. The sensitivity and specificity of the oral fluid-based immunoassay for HEV IgG (past HEV infection) and HEV IgA (recent HEV infection) antibodies was calculated in reference to Wantai’s (Beijing Wantai) serum-based HEV enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits for IgG and IgM antibodies, respectively. Results The sensitivity and specificity of the oral fluid-based immunoassay for HEV-IgG antibodies were 98.7% and 98.4%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of the oral fluid-based immunoassay for HEV IgA were 89.5% and 98.3%, respectively. Conclusions The high concordance of our non-invasive oral fluid-based immunoassays (HEV IgG and HEV IgA) with commercial high-performance serum HEV ELISA kits (IgG and IgM) means that population-based surveillance of past and recent HEV infection could be expanded to improve our understanding of its ecology and natural history.

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“…IgA antibodies together with IgM and IgG against antigens derived from tachyzoite forms of T. gondii are frequently detected in sera of patients in the early and chronic phase of toxoplasmosis [20]. The presence of IgG and IgA anti-T. gondii in saliva and other body fluids has also been reported [21][22][23][24][25]. However, the specific role of IgA against T. gondii in the human oral cavity remains elusive.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salivary IgA against sporozoite-specific embryogenesis-related protein (TgERP) in the study of horizontally transmitted toxoplasmosis via T. gondii oocysts in endemic settings

et al. 2016

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The aim of this study was to contribute to the better understanding of the relative epidemiological importance of different modes of infection with respect to horizontal transmission of Toxoplasma gondii in endemic settings. We investigated the prevalence of salivary IgA against a sporozoite-specific embryogenesis-related protein (TgERP) in a highly endemic area for toxoplasmosis in Brazil in order to pinpoint parasite transmission via oocysts. Prevalence calculated by salivary IgA specific to TgERP was compared to the prevalence calculated by serum IgG against both TgERP and tachyzoites (in conventional serological tests). Prevalence calculated by different serological and salivary parameters varied in the studied age groups. However, for the 15-21 years age group, values for T. gondii prevalence estimated by conventional serological tests and by anti-TgERP salivary IgA were similar; i.e. 68·7% and 66·6% or 66·7%, respectively, using two different cut-off parameters for salivary IgA anti-TgERP. Furthermore, salivary IgA anti-TgERP for this age group presented the highest specificity (93·33%), sensitivity (93·94%), and likelihood (14·09) compared to all the other age groups. These data demonstrate the importance of age for salivary IgA investigation against TgERP to estimate the mode of T. gondii transmission in endemic settings.

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Saliva as a source of anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgG for enzyme immunoassay in human samples

Cited by 16 publications

References 12 publications

What do anti‐Toxoplasma gondii IgA and IgG subclasses in human saliva indicate?

What do anti‐Toxoplasma gondii IgA and IgG subclasses in human saliva indicate?

Development of an oral fluid immunoassay to assess past and recent hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection

Salivary IgA against sporozoite-specific embryogenesis-related protein (TgERP) in the study of horizontally transmitted toxoplasmosis via T. gondii oocysts in endemic settings

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