Salisbury biochar did not affect the mobility or speciation of lead in kaolin in a short-term laboratory study

Shen, Zhengtao; McMillan, Oliver; Jin, Fei; Al‐Tabbaa, Abir

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.05.042

Cited by 36 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(37 reference statements)

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“…The volatile matter content, total ash content and elementary contents (C, H, N, O) of SB are determined based on UKBRC standard. Other properties for SB and selected physicochemical properties of WSP700, RH700 and SWP550 can be found from the previous studies (Shen et al, 2015(Shen et al, , 2016a(Shen et al, , 2016b(Shen et al, , 2017 and are also shown in Table 1.…”

Section: Biocharmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Salisbury biochar (SB) was obtained from Southern Woodland Products (Salisbury, UK). It was produced from British broadleaf hardwood at a pyrolysis temperature of 600 ºC in a retort with a residence time of 13.5 h. SB was previously applied to a field contaminated site in the UK and exhibited excellent performance in immobilising Ni 2+ and Zn 2+ in a sandy soil throughout a three-year study (Shen et al, 2016a). In contrast, SB did not affect the mobility or speciation of Pb 2+ in kaolin in a short-term study (Shen et al, 2016b).…”

Section: Biocharmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The equilibrium data are well described by the Langmuir model for all biochars (R 2 of 0.988-0.999). Table 1 Physicochemical properties of the biochars (Shen et al, 2015(Shen et al, , 2016a(Shen et al, , 2016b(Shen et al, , 2017 adsorption were examined using the following chemical and micro-structural analyses.…”

Section: Biocharmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Qualitative and quantitative characterisation of adsorption mechanisms of lead on four biochars

Shen

Zhang

Jin

et al. 2017

Science of The Total Environment

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169

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The adsorption mechanisms of lead (Pb) on four biochars (SB produced from British hardwood at 600°C and three standard biochars produced from wheat straw pellets at 700°C (WSP700), rice husk at 700°C (RH700) and soft wood pellets at 550°C (SWP550)) were characterised qualitatively and quantitatively, using a combination of chemical and micro-structural methods. Sequential extraction test results show that Pb was predominantly adsorbed on SB (85.31%), WSP700 (75.61%) and RH700 (85.76%) as acidic soluble fraction, which was potentially bioavailable if applied in soil. The exchangeable fraction for SB, WSP700 and RH700 was low (1.38-4.29%) and their water soluble fraction was negligible (0-0.14%). Micro-structural analysis further investigated this fraction and confirmed the presence of cerussite (PbCO) on SB and hydrocerussite (Pb(CO)(OH)) on WSP700, RH 700 and SWP550, suggesting a mechanism of surface precipitation for Pb adsorption on the biochars. The percentages of Pb in the form of PbCO on SB (82.24%) and Pb(CO)(OH) on WSP700 (13.00%), RH 700 (19.19%) and SWP550 (29.70%) were quantified using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). This study suggests that it is feasible to quantify different adsorption mechanisms of Pb on biochars, which is important for the practical application of biochar in water and/or soil treatment.

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Section: Biocharmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Biocharmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Qualitative and quantitative characterisation of adsorption mechanisms of lead on four biochars

Shen

Zhang

Jin

et al. 2017

Science of The Total Environment

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169

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“…In addition, soil type and clay content could often play an important role in metal immobilisation by biochar. For example, Shen et al (2016) suggested that the biochar-amended clayey soils was not satisfactory for adsorption of Pb. Therefore, the effect might become more prominent in a light-textured soil as used in the present study.…”

Section: Heavy Metal Immobilisation By Biocharmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochar modulates heavy metal toxicity and improves microbial carbon use efficiency in soil

Seshadri

Sarkar

et al. 2018

Science of The Total Environment

195

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Soil organic carbon is essential to improve soil fertility and ecosystem functioning. Soil microorganisms contribute significantly to the carbon transformation and immobilisation processes. However, microorganisms are sensitive to environmental stresses such as heavy metals. Applying amendments, such as biochar, to contaminated soils can alleviate the metal toxicity and add carbon inputs. In this study, Cd and Pb spiked soils treated with macadamia nutshell biochar (5% w/w) were monitored during a 49days incubation period. Microbial phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) were extracted and analysed as biomarkers in order to identify the microbial community composition. Soil properties, metal bioavailability, microbial respiration, and microbial biomass carbon were measured after the incubation period. Microbial carbon use efficiency (CUE) was calculated from the ratio of carbon incorporated into microbial biomass to the carbon mineralised. Total PLFA concentration decreased to a greater extent in metal contaminated soils than uncontaminated soils. Microbial CUE also decreased due to metal toxicity. However, biochar addition alleviated the metal toxicity, and increased total PLFA concentration. Both microbial respiration and biomass carbon increased due to biochar application, and CUE was significantly (p<0.01) higher in biochar treated soils than untreated soils. Heavy metals reduced the microbial carbon sequestration in contaminated soils by negatively influencing the CUE. The improvement of CUE through biochar addition in the contaminated soils could be attributed to the decrease in metal bioavailability, thereby mitigating the biotoxicity to soil microorganisms.

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“…The recoveries of Pb 2+ from OSDCs were within 74.15-87.26%. Shen et al (2016) conducted sequential extraction to determine the speciation of Pb 2+ on biochar treated soil. The recoveries of the Pb 2+ were within 61.50-97.28%, which were comparable to the recovery of Pb 2+ and Cd 2+ in this study.…”

Section: Sequential Extraction Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel treatment and value-added utilization of oily sludge using ionic liquid and pyrolysis

Tian¹

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The effective treatment of oily sludge has been a challenging problem faced by the petroleum industry worldwide. It is a semi-solid mixture of hydrocarbons, water, metallic ions, and suspended fine solids. The recalcitrant nature of oily sludge makes the treatment a difficult and costly task. The objective of this dissertation research was to develop environmentally friendly and economically competitive techniques for oily sludge treatment. Three different approaches were developed: ionic liquid (IL)-enhanced solvent extraction, co-pyrolysis with wood waste, and value-added utilization of oily sludge as sorbent to remove lead (Pb 2+) and cadmium (Cd 2+) from solution. Firstly, as compared to conventional solvent extraction, the ILenhanced solvent extraction not only improved oil recovery efficiency but also greatly reduced solvent and energy consumption as well as shortening the treatment duration even at low IL concentration. Secondly, co-pyrolysis of oily waste and hog fuel was conducted in a fixed bed reactor. Three experimental parameters (pyrolysis temperature, reaction time, and hog fuel addition) were explored to optimize both oil recovery and metal ion immobilization. The latter was tested through sequential extraction techniques with high temperature pyrolysis leading to metal ions fixed within the residues. The addition of hog fuel had a significant synergistic effect on the distribution of metal ions in the various extraction fractions resulting in lower risk index (RI) values. Thirdly, the oily sludge-derived char (OS500) obtained at 500 °C could effectively remove Pb 2+ from solution with the maximum sorption capacity of 373.2 mg/g (based on a Langmuir model). Sorption of Pb 2+ by the OS500 was mainly attributed to its precipitation with carbonate (CO3 2-) originating in OS500. The maximum sorption capacity for Cd 2+ , using a Langmuir model, was 23.19 mg/g. Complexation and metal ion exchange dominated Cd 2+ sorption on OS500. The Pb 2+ sorption capacity dramatically decreased as the iii pyrolysis temperature increased from 500 to 900 °C due to the decomposition of minerals which could release CO3 2at high temperature. The activated OS500 showed a higher sorption capacity (90.06 mg/g) for Cd 2+ than OS500 (23.95 mg/g) because conversion of barite (BaSO4) to witherite (BaCO3) after chemical activation favored the precipitation of Cd-carbonate. iv CO-AUTHORSHIP For all the chapters in this dissertation, I was the principal investigator including design of studies, acquisition of data, and analysis of data. I wrote the manuscripts and was responsible for incorporating comments and feedbacks in the revised manuscripts. Dr. Jianbing Li supervised the experiments and contributed to experimental design, data analysis, and revision of the manuscripts. He is included in authorship on all resulting publications. Dr. Bill McGill and Dr. Todd Whitcombe contributed to the design and implementation of experiments and helped review and improve the manuscripts, so they were included in some of my publications. Dr. ...

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Salisbury biochar did not affect the mobility or speciation of lead in kaolin in a short-term laboratory study

Cited by 36 publications

References 32 publications

Qualitative and quantitative characterisation of adsorption mechanisms of lead on four biochars

Qualitative and quantitative characterisation of adsorption mechanisms of lead on four biochars

Biochar modulates heavy metal toxicity and improves microbial carbon use efficiency in soil

Novel treatment and value-added utilization of oily sludge using ionic liquid and pyrolysis

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