Salirasib (farnesyl thiosalicylic acid) for brain tumor treatment: a convection-enhanced drug delivery study in rats

Abstract

Our aim was to assess the ability of convection-enhanced drug delivery (CED), a novel approach of direct delivery of drugs into brain tissue and brain tumors, to treat brain tumors using salirasib (farsnesyl thiosalicylic acid). CED was achieved by continuous infusion of drugs via intracranial catheters, thus enabling convective distribution of high drug concentrations over large volumes while avoiding systemic toxicity. Several phase II/III CED-based trials are currently in progress but have yet to overcome two major pitfalls of this methodology (the difficulty in attaining efficient CED and the significant nonspecific neurotoxicity caused by high drug doses in the brain). In this study, we addressed both issues by employing our previously described novel CED imaging and increased efficiency methodologies to exclusively target the activated form of the Ras oncogene in a 9L gliosarcoma rat model. The drug we used was salirasib, a highly specific Ras inhibitor shown to exert its suppressive effects on growth and migration of proliferating tumor cells in in vitro and in vivo models, including human glioblastoma, without affecting normal tissues. The results show a significant decrease in tumor growth rate in salirasibtreated rats relative to vehicle-treated rats as well as a significant correlation between CED efficacy and tumor growth rate with no observed toxicity despite drug concentrations an order of magnitude higher than previously detected in the brain. The results show that CED of salirasib is efficient and nontoxic for the treatment of glioblastoma in a rat model, thus suggesting that it may be considered for clinical application.

Redox state influence on human galectin-1 function

“…It has been reported that farnesyl thiosalicylic acid (FTS), a farnesyl-derived drug [42], could inhibit tumour growth by dislodging oncogenic Ras proteins from cell membranes by competitively binding to the Gal-1 farnesyl-binding site [18,43,44]. However, detailed structural information of the molecular basis for the acting mechanism in tumour growth inhibitory role of FTS is not well understood.…”

FTS and 2-DG induce pancreatic cancer cell death and tumor shrinkage in mice

“…21 FTS also inhibits tumor growth, cell migration, and energy metabolism in numerous cancer cell lines and many types of cancer cells that exhibit high Ras GTP levels. 22, 23, 24, 25, 26 The most recent clinical trials showed that oral salirasib treatment of patients with pancreatic cancer increases survival rates (http://www.concordiapharma.com). …”

“…22, 23, 24, 25, 26 An interesting additional outcome of FTS treatment in tumor cells is energy crisis. 27 Malignant cells, even under aerobic conditions, rely mostly on glycolysis for their energy supply.…”

A Murine Model for Quantitative, Real-Time Evaluation of Convection-Enhanced Delivery (RT-CED) Using an 18[F]-Positron Emitting, Fluorescent Derivative of Dasatinib

“…The current de facto clinical standard is gadolinium-based magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Contrast surrogate agents, such as Gd-DTPA (Magnavist, Bayer) (7), can be co-infused with a drug to mimic the distribution of therapeutic agents delivered by CED (8,9). However, Gd-based contrast agents are not effective therapeutics on their own, and require micromolar quantities to resolve (10–12).…”