Salinity Tolerance and Osmotic Behavior of Animals in Athalassic Saline and Marine Hypersaline Waters

Bayly, I. A. E.

doi:10.1146/annurev.es.03.110172.001313

Cited by 140 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…However, salt-sensitive EPT species studied do not perform optimally at slightly elevated salinity and their osmoregulation may differ in important respects [2,35,42]. If external osmotic pressure continues to rise, organisms must either tolerate the increase in osmotic pressure or hyporegulate [43]. However, many EPT species die at salinities well below that of their extracellular fluids.…”

Section: Osmoregulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salinized rivers: degraded systems or new habitats for salt-tolerant faunas?

et al. 2016

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Anthropogenic salinization of rivers is an emerging issue of global concern, with significant adverse effects on biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Impacts of freshwater salinization on biota are strongly mediated by evolutionary history, as this is a major factor determining species physiological salinity tolerance. Freshwater insects dominate most flowing waters, and the common lotic insect orders Ephemeroptera (mayflies), Plecoptera (stoneflies) and Trichoptera (caddisflies) are particularly salt-sensitive. Tolerances of existing taxa, rapid adaption, colonization by novel taxa (from naturally saline environments) and interactions between species will be key drivers of assemblages in saline lotic systems. Here we outline a conceptual framework predicting how communities may change in salinizing rivers. We envision that a relatively small number of taxa will be saline-tolerant and able to colonize salinized rivers (e.g. most naturally saline habitats are lentic; thus potential colonizers would need to adapt to lotic environments), leading to depauperate communities in these environments.

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Section: Osmoregulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salinized rivers: degraded systems or new habitats for salt-tolerant faunas?

et al. 2016

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“…Acartia clausi is an osmoconformer in the salinity range of 24 to 32 (Bayly 1972), but osmoregulation and metabolic responses to salinity are less well known compared to A. tonsa. Gaudy et al (2000) did not find any differences in the ingestion of A. clausi subjected to salinities <15 and > 30, respectively.…”

Section: Salinity Effects On Acartia Clausi Energy Partitioningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salinity modulates the energy balance and reproductive success of co-occurring copepods Acartia tonsa and A. clausi in different ways

Calliari¹,

Andersen²,

Thor³

et al. 2006

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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We assessed metabolic balance, RNA content, and egg hatching success (EHS) in Acartia tonsa and A. clausi over a wide salinity range (2 to 33 and 16 to 33, respectively). For A. tonsa, the energy partitioning between ingestion, production and respiration was relatively constant with small differences in gross growth efficiency (GGE) and cost of growth (CG). In contrast, A. clausi exhibited significantly reduced ingestion and GGE, and highly elevated CG at salinities ≤20. In both species, RNA levels mirrored egg production. EHS was generally high in both species, but decreased by 80% for A. clausi at 16. These results contribute to the understanding of distribution patterns of both species along salinity gradients. The observed responses would allow the dominance of A. tonsa at low salinities, although its higher energetic requirement and feeding activity subject it to stronger predation pressure than competing A. clausi.

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“…A general inverse relation between salinity and species richness in lakes has long been recognized (Moore 1952;Cole 1968Cole & 1979Beadle 1969;Remane & Schlieper 1971;Bayly 1972;Williams 1972 & 198 1;Bayly & Williams 1973). One could predict, therefore, that an increase in the salinity of an initially slightly saline lake would result in a decline in species richness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Predicted effects of increasing salinity on the crustacean zooplankton community of Pyramid Lake, Nevada

Galat

Robinson²

1983

Hydrobiologia

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Since 1933 the salinity of Pyramid Lake, Nevada, U.S.A., has increased 32% to nearly 5.5%,. We tested the hypothesis that further increases of 1.5 to 2 times (l.5X to 2X) its present salinity would significantly reduce species richness and alter population structures of the existing crustacean zooplankton community. Three strategies were applied: in addition to monitoring zooplankton in semicontrolled indoor microcosms at IX, 1.5X and 2X and conducting range-finding, acute, and chronic salinity bioassays, the present zooplankton community of Walker Lake (2X) was compared with that existing in Pyramid Lake (1X).Ceriodaphnia quadrangula and Diaphanosoma leuchtenbergianum, both collected from Pyramid Lake, were lacking in Walker Lake. Populations of Cyclops vernalis were significantly lower and those of Diaptomus sicilis and Moina hutchinsoni were significantly higher in Walker Lake than in Pyramid Lake.Densities of Ceriodaphnia and Cyclops were low in microcosms at salinities >IX. Diaphanosoma could not be maintained in microcosms, regardless of salinity. Numbers of Diaptomus and Moina in microcosms were proportional to salinity level.Short-term LC50 salinities (%,) were as follows: Diaphanosoma, 6.5; Ceriodaphnia, 7.1; Diaptomus, 13.3; Cyclops, 14.8; and Moina, 17.8. Multiple-generation, chronic bioassays were run only on Cyclops and Diaptomus. Three generations of Cyclops were produced at salinities of 4.0 to 8.5%,, but not at 9.8%, or higher. Diaptomus was unable to complete three generations at salinities >9.6%,.We speculate that high salinity in Walker Lake may indirectly benefit Diaptomus by negatively affecting predatory Cyclops, and benefit Moina by causing extinction of competing salinity-intolerant Diaphanosoma and Ceriodaphnia. Except for the response of Diaptomus, results from bioassays were in general agreement with results from microcosms and with field data. Untested predator-prey interactions could be responsible for the apparent discrepancy.

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Salinity Tolerance and Osmotic Behavior of Animals in Athalassic Saline and Marine Hypersaline Waters

Cited by 140 publications

References 24 publications

Salinized rivers: degraded systems or new habitats for salt-tolerant faunas?

Salinized rivers: degraded systems or new habitats for salt-tolerant faunas?

Salinity modulates the energy balance and reproductive success of co-occurring copepods Acartia tonsa and A. clausi in different ways

Predicted effects of increasing salinity on the crustacean zooplankton community of Pyramid Lake, Nevada

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