Salinity Threatens the Viability of Agriculture and Ecosystems in Western Australia

George, Richard J.; McFarlane, Don; Nulsen, Bob

doi:10.1007/s100400050103

Cited by 171 publications

(95 citation statements)

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“…Over time, if there is an inadequate drainage system or considerable soil depth; a shallow perched water depth is likely to develop and, consequently, some irrigable lands are eventually abandoned (Williamson, 1998). In the presence of a shallow saline water table, crop production can suffer when salts accumulate in the soil surface through capillary action and/or directly as a result of waterlogging (Jones and Marshall, 1992;George et al, 1997;Houk et al, 2006). Conventionally, waterlogging (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of waterlogging in agricultural megaprojects in the closed drainage basins of the Western Desert of Egypt

Bastawesy

Ali

Faid

et al. 2013

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. This paper investigates the development of waterlogging in the cultivated and arable areas within typical dryland closed drainage basins (e.g. the Farafra and Baharia Oases), which are located in the Western Desert of Egypt. Multi-temporal remote sensing data of the Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) and Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM+) were collected and processed to detect the land cover changes; cultivations, and the extent of water ponds and seepage channels. The Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) digital elevation model (DEM) has been processed to delineate the catchment morphometrical parameters (i.e. drainage networks, catchment divides and surface areas of different basins) and to examine the spatial distribution of cultivated fields and their relation to the extracted drainage networks. The soil of these closed drainage basins is mainly shallow and lithic with high calcium carbonate content; therefore, the downward percolation of excess irrigation water is limited by the development of subsurface hardpan, which also saturates the upper layer of soil with water. The subsurface seepage from the newly cultivated areas in the Farafra Oasis has revealed the pattern of buried alluvial channels, which are waterlogged and outlined by the growth of diagnostic saline shrubs. Furthermore, the courses of these waterlogged channels are coinciding with their counterparts of the SRTM DEM, and the recent satellite images show that the surface playas in the downstream of these channels are partially occupied by water ponds. On the other hand, a large water pond has occupied the main playa and submerged the surrounding fields, as a large area has been cultivated within a relatively small closed drainage basin in the Baharia Oasis. The geomorphology of closed drainage basins has to be considered when planning for a new cultivation in dryland catchments to better control waterlogging hazards. The "drydrainage" concept can be implemented as the drainage and seepage water can be conveyed through the inactive alluvial channels into certain abandoned playas for evaporation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of waterlogging in agricultural megaprojects in the closed drainage basins of the Western Desert of Egypt

Bastawesy

Ali

Faid

et al. 2013

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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“…The water availability is greatly influenced by the local geology and climate (Zhu et al 2012a). Understanding of the source and recharge of natural waters is of great significance not only to the policy makers for regional planning but also to the scientists interested in hydrological cycles in arid environments over the world (Meyer et al 1988;George et al 1997;Arnell 1999;Kimbadi et al 1999;Cramer and Hobbs 2002;Hagg et al 2007;Jolly et al 2008;Zhu et al 2012b;Dragon and Gorski 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Statistical study to identify the key factors governing ground water recharge in the watersheds of the arid Central Asia

Zhu

Wang

2015

Environ Monit Assess

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Understanding the source and recharge of ground waters is of great significance to our knowledge in hydrological cycles in arid environments over the world. Northern Xinjiang in northwestern China is a significant repository of information relating to the hydrological evolution and climatic changes in central Asia. In this study, two multivariate statistical techniques, hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA), were used to assess the ground water recharge and its governing factors, with the principal idea of exploring the above techniques to utilize all available hydrogeochemical variables in the quality assessment, which are not considered in the conventional techniques like Stiff and Piper diagrams. Q-mode HCA and R-mode PCA were combined to partition the water samples into seven major water clusters (C1-C7) and three principal components (PC1-PC3, PC1 salinity, PC2 hydroclimate, PC3 contaminant). The water samples C1 + C4 were classified as recharge area waters (Ca-HCO 3 water), C2 + C3 as transitional zone waters (Ca-Mg-HCO 3 -SO 4 water), and C5 + C6 + C7 as discharge area waters (Na-SO 4 water). Based on the Q-mode PCA scores, three groups of geochemical processes influencing recharge regimes were identified: geogenic (i.e., caused by natural geochemical processes), geomorphoclimatic (caused by topography and climate), and anthropogenic (caused by ground water contamination). It is proposed that differences in recharge mechanism and ground water evolution, and possible bedrock composition difference, are responsible for the chemical genesis of these waters. These will continue to influence the geochemistry of the northern Xinjiang drainage system for a long time due to its steady tectonics and arid climate. This study proved that the chemistry differentiation of ground water can effectively support the identification of ground water recharge and evolution patterns.

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“…Par ailleurs, des variations dans la tolérance au sel ont été mises en évidence entre populations d'une même espèce (Van Schie et al 2009). Sous l'eff et de pratiques culturales intensives, les terres cultivées deviennent de plus en plus salines (George et al 1997 ;Herbst 2001 ;Clarke et al 2002). Les populations de moustiques vont s'adapter à ces changements en favorisant les gènes de tolérance à la salinité, et étant favorisés, ces gènes sélectionnés auront donc tendance à envahir la population (George et al 1997).…”

Section: Hiver 2006unclassified

“…Sous l'eff et de pratiques culturales intensives, les terres cultivées deviennent de plus en plus salines (George et al 1997 ;Herbst 2001 ;Clarke et al 2002). Les populations de moustiques vont s'adapter à ces changements en favorisant les gènes de tolérance à la salinité, et étant favorisés, ces gènes sélectionnés auront donc tendance à envahir la population (George et al 1997). L'évolution vers des biotopes de plus en plus salés sera bénéfi que pour Oc.…”

Section: Hiver 2006unclassified

Relation entre facteurs environnementaux et densités larvaires d’Ochlerotatus caspiusPallas 1771 etOchlerotatus detritusHaliday 1833 (Diptera: Culicidae) en Tunisie

Krida

Daoud-Bouattour

Mahmoudi

et al. 2012

Annales de la Société entomologique de France (N.S.)

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Abstract. Relationship between environmental factors and larval density in Ochlerotatus caspius Pallas 1771 and Ochlerotatus detritus Haliday 1833 (Diptera: Culicidae) of Tunisia. Ochlerotatus caspius and Oc. detritus, two major mosquito species considered as pests in Tunisia, are subjected to intensive insecticide treatments. Considering the large areas colonized by immature stages and high adult densities generated at each egg hatching period, the effi ciency of insecticide control is limited. In order to defi ne more suitable control strategies, we aim in this study to characterize the ecological niche of each mosquito species using multivariate analyses (CA, HAC). Our results show that larval densities of both mosquito species are mainly related to plant composition and salinity of breeding sites. Indeed, Oc. detritus is more adapted to salty biotopes mainly colonized by Sarcocornia fruticosa when Oc. caspius is mostly associated to biotopes with more diversifi ed vegetation bearing a low salinity and predominantly occupied by Juncus maritimus. Résumé. Ochlerotatus caspius etOc. detritus, deux espèces de moustiques fréquemment rencontrées en Tunisie, font l'objet de traitements insecticides en vue de limiter leur nuisance. Cependant, la portée de ces traitements demeure limitée compte tenu des grandes étendues de leurs biotopes larvaires et du caractère synchrone de leurs éclosions. Le but de cette étude vise à caractériser, à travers des analyses multivariées (AFC, CHA), la niche écologique de chaque espèce afi n de défi nir des plans d'intervention plus adaptés. Nos résultats montrent que les abondances larvaires d'Oc. caspius et Oc. detritus sont principalement corrélées au couvert végétal et à la salinité des gîtes larvaires. En effet, Oc. detritus se développe abondamment dans les milieux fortement salés dominés par Sarcocornia fruticosa, alors qu'Oc. caspius est associé à une végétation plus diversifi ée supportant une salinité moindre dominée par Juncus maritimus, et développant une litière végétale plus abondante.

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Salinity Threatens the Viability of Agriculture and Ecosystems in Western Australia

Cited by 171 publications

References 0 publications

Assessment of waterlogging in agricultural megaprojects in the closed drainage basins of the Western Desert of Egypt

Assessment of waterlogging in agricultural megaprojects in the closed drainage basins of the Western Desert of Egypt

Statistical study to identify the key factors governing ground water recharge in the watersheds of the arid Central Asia

Relation entre facteurs environnementaux et densités larvaires d’Ochlerotatus caspiusPallas 1771 etOchlerotatus detritusHaliday 1833 (Diptera: Culicidae) en Tunisie

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