Salinity gradient power and desalination

Vanoppen, Marjolein; Blandin, Gaëtan; Derese, Sebastiaan; Le‐Clech, Pierre; Post, J.W.; Verliefde, Arne

doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-100312-1.00009-2

Cited by 12 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…By coupling RED to RO the energy demand can be decreased by: a) producing energy out of the salinity gradient between the RO feed or brine and a low salinity stream and, b) decreasing the seawater salt concentration prior to RO. This RED-RO hybrid system was extensively discussed in Vanoppen et al (2016) [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secondary treated domestic wastewater in reverse electrodialysis: What is the best pre-treatment?

Vanoppen

Vooren

Gutierrez

et al. 2019

Separation and Purification Technology

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art Highlights  RED-RO is a promising technology for energy-efficient seawater desalination  Secondary-treated wastewater is a potential low salinity source for RED  An efficient pre-treatment of wastewater is needed before use in RED  Rapid sand filtration and 100 µm provide efficient wastewater pre-treatment  River bank filtration does not provide adequate feed water quality AbstractAlthough Reverse Electrodialysis (RED) is most commonly known as a selective separation technology used for the production of sustainable energy, it can also serve as a valuable pre-desalination tool. By coupling RED to Reverse Osmosis (RO) for seawater desalination: (1) sustainable energy is produced in the RED process and (2) seawater is partially desalinated prior to RO thus, decreasing the energy demand. In this study, secondary-treated wastewater is proposed as the low salinity source in RED and suitable pre-treatment techniques for this effluent are investigated. Although it is generally accepted that RED is less prone to fouling than typical pressure driven membrane processes, results showed that pre-treatment is a key to ensure efficient operation of the wastewater-seawater RED. Both 100 µm filtration and rapid sand filtration proved to be suitable, with an increase in pressure drop of only 0.09-0.18 bar and a permselectivity decrease of only approximately 20% during 40 days of continuous operation. Conversely, River bank filtration did not perform better than the non-pretreated sample. As such, 100 µm filtration and rapid sand filtration are considered suitable, robust, and cost efficient pretreatment options for wastewater fed RED, enabling the improvement of the hybrid process of RED-RO seawater desalination.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secondary treated domestic wastewater in reverse electrodialysis: What is the best pre-treatment?

Vanoppen

Vooren

Gutierrez

et al. 2019

Separation and Purification Technology

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“…The experimental results showed maximum output power density of the PES/SPES film to be about 2.48 W m −2 in presence of 500-fold salinity gradient (NaCl solution). In addition, the cost of PES/SPES membranes was about 6.2 USD m −2 , which is lower than the commercial cost target (11 USD m −2 ) of the ion exchange membranes based on RED [214]. The improved mechanical properties of the PES/SPES membrane, and simpler membrane prepara-tion process, provide the possibility of large-scale industrial production of salinity gradient power [215].…”

Section: Salinity Gradient Energy Conversionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Bioinspired nanochannels based on polymeric membranes

Wang

et al. 2021

Sci. China Mater.

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Bio-nanochannels in living organisms participate in the physiological activities by selectively transporting ions through cell membranes. The structure and function of biological ion channels inspire the development of artificial ion nanochannels with practical applications. The bioinspired nanochannels based on polymer materials present good mechanical stability, high-performance ion transport and designability, which have attracted much attention. In this review, we mainly focus on the fabrication and application of polymer-based biomimetic nanochannels especially in environmentally responsive biosensor and energy conversion. We firstly introduce the basic understanding of nanochannels in ion regulation and osmotic energy conversion. Then, we discuss the fabrication methods of polymer-based nanochannels and highlight their advantages compared with other materials. The practical applications of polymer-based biomimetic nanochannels, especially in energy conversion and environmentally responsive biosensor, are detailedly discussed. Finally, we summarize the unsolved problems in bioinspired nanochannels and overview the further developing direction in this field.

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“…The benefits of water reuse are more limited extraction from surface and ground-water sources, reduced impact of treated wastewater discharge into water bodies, and production of highquality treated water for multiple on-site applications. Further economic benefits include lower water intake costs, lower wastewater disposal fees and optimized energy efficiency of water treatment (Pankratz 2004;Vanoppen et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Membrane-Based Processes to Obtain High-Quality Water From Brewery Wastewater

Toran¹,

Labrador²,

Ciriza³

et al. 2021

Front. Chem. Eng.

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Water reuse is a safe and often the least energy-intensive method of providing water from non-conventional sources in water stressed regions. Although public perception can be a challenge, water reuse is gaining acceptance. Recent advances in membrane technology allow for reclamation of wastewater through the production of high-quality treated water, including potable reuse. This study takes an in-depth evaluation of a combination of membrane-based tertiary processes for its application in reuse of brewery wastewater, and is one of the few studies that evaluates long-term membrane performance at the pilot-scale. Two different advanced tertiary treatment trains were tested with secondary wastewater from a brewery wastewater treatment plant (A) ultrafiltration (UF) and reverse osmosis (RO), and (B) ozonation, coagulation, microfiltration with ceramic membranes (MF) and RO. Three specific criteria were used for membrane comparison: 1) pilot plant optimisation to identify ideal operating conditions, 2) Clean-In-Place (CIP) procedures to restore permeability, and 3) final water quality obtained. Both UF and Micro-Filtration membranes were operated at increasing fluxes, filtration intervals and alternating phases of backwash (BW) and chemically enhanced backwash (CEB) to control fouling. Operation of polymeric UF membranes was optimized at a flux of 25–30 LMH with 15–20 min of filtration time to obtain longer production periods and avoid frequent CIP membrane cleaning procedures. Combination of ozone and coagulation with ceramic MF membranes resulted in high flux values up to 120 LMH with CEB:BW ratios of 1:4 to 1:10. Coagulation doses of 3–6 ppm were required to deal with the high concentrations of polyphenols (coagulation inhibitors) in the feed, but higher concentrations led to increasing fouling resistance of the MF membrane. Varying the ozone concentration stepwise from 0 to 25 mg/L had no noticeable effect on coagulation. The most effective cleaning strategy was found to be a combination of 2000 mg/L NaOCl followed by 5% HCl which enabled to recover permeability up to 400 LMH·bar−1. Both polymeric UF and ceramic MF membranes produced effluents that fulfil the limits of the national regulatory framework for reuse in industrial services (RD 1620/2007). Coupling to the RO units in both tertiary trains led to further water polishing and an improved treated water quality.

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Salinity gradient power and desalination

Cited by 12 publications

References 85 publications

Secondary treated domestic wastewater in reverse electrodialysis: What is the best pre-treatment?

Secondary treated domestic wastewater in reverse electrodialysis: What is the best pre-treatment?

Bioinspired nanochannels based on polymeric membranes

Membrane-Based Processes to Obtain High-Quality Water From Brewery Wastewater

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