Salinity Effects on Guard Cell Proteome in Chenopodium quinoa

Abstract

Epidermal fragments enriched in guard cells (GCs) were isolated from the halophyte quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Wild.) species, and the response at the proteome level was studied after salinity treatment of 300 mM NaCl for 3 weeks. In total, 2147 proteins were identified, of which 36% were differentially expressed in response to salinity stress in GCs. Up and downregulated proteins included signaling molecules, enzyme modulators, transcription factors and oxidoreductases. The most abundant proteins induced by salt treatment were desiccation-responsive protein 29B (50-fold), osmotin-like protein OSML13 (13-fold), polycystin-1, lipoxygenase, alpha-toxin, and triacylglycerol lipase (PLAT) domain-containing protein 3-like (eight-fold), and dehydrin early responsive to dehydration (ERD14) (eight-fold). Ten proteins related to the gene ontology term “response to ABA” were upregulated in quinoa GC; this included aspartic protease, phospholipase D and plastid-lipid-associated protein. Additionally, seven proteins in the sucrose–starch pathway were upregulated in the GC in response to salinity stress, and accumulation of tryptophan synthase and L-methionine synthase (enzymes involved in the amino acid biosynthesis) was observed. Exogenous application of sucrose and tryptophan, L-methionine resulted in reduction in stomatal aperture and conductance, which could be advantageous for plants under salt stress. Eight aspartic proteinase proteins were highly upregulated in GCs of quinoa, and exogenous application of pepstatin A (an inhibitor of aspartic proteinase) was accompanied by higher oxidative stress and extremely low stomatal aperture and conductance, suggesting a possible role of aspartic proteinase in mitigating oxidative stress induced by saline conditions.

Combined Transcriptome and Proteome Analysis to Elucidate Salt Tolerance Strategies of the Halophyte Panicum antidotale Retz

“…In line with the above, the possibility of low salinity-induced modulation of the photosynthetic carbon fixation could be ruled out. The optimal performance of P. antidotale in terms of photosynthetic capacity at low salinity was consistent in published results ( Koyro et al, 2013 ; Hussain et al, 2015 , 2020 : Rasouli et al, 2021 ).…”

Presence of a Mitovirus Is Associated with Alteration of the Mitochondrial Proteome, as Revealed by Protein–Protein Interaction (PPI) and Co-Expression Network Models in Chenopodium quinoa Plants

“…Given the wealth of reports on quinoa molecular characterization, it is somewhat surprising that its proteome has received only limited attention. In fact, this study is among the few manuscripts that provide features of quinoa proteome by large-scale proteomic approaches [ 11 , 12 , 13 ] and the first focused on its mitochondrial proteome, as well as the first quinoa proteome investigation relying on systems biology and graph theory.…”

“…For this goal, we combined proteomic and systems biology approaches based on network analysis [ 10 ]. To date, few works have focused on quinoa proteome by shotgun approaches [ 11 , 12 , 13 ], while none have relied on protein–protein interaction (PPI) and/or protein co-expression (Co-Exp) network analysis. This is mainly due to the lack of a quinoa PPI network model and accurate functional annotations [ 14 ].…”

Maternal salinity influences anatomical parameters, pectin content, biochemical and genetic modifications of two Salicornia europaea populations under salt stress

“…According to Rasouli et al 44 , salinity altered the physical properties of epidermic cells, specifically in the guard cell wall. In their study they demonstrated that the cell-wall-modifying enzymes such as acetyl- and methyl-esterifications esterases of pectin were upregulated in the epidermic cells of the halophyte Chenopodium quinoa.…”