Salinity effect on plant growth and leaf demography of the mangrove, Avicennia germinans L.

Suárez, N.; Medina, Ernesto

doi:10.1007/s00468-005-0001-y

Cited by 71 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…We estimated that the time required for a leaf to reach the measured concentration in each salinity treatment decreased from 72 to 29 days as salinity increased from 0 to 940 mol NaCl m -3 . This time is reasonable considering that the half-life of a leaf in A. germinans decreases from 425 to 96 days under the same salinity treatments (Suárez and Medina, 2005). Therefore, transpiring leaves of A. germinans do accumulate large amounts of ions during their expansion and secretion rates are enough to maintain adequate physiological levels of salt in the mature leaf (Atkinson et al, 1967;Ball, 1988).…”

Section: Leaf Ion Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 91%

Salinity effects on leaf ion composition and salt secretion rate in Avicennia germinans (L.) L.

Suárez

Medina

2008

Braz. J. Plant Physiol.

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The effect of salinity on leaf water relations, and rate and ionic composition of leaf secretion was investigated in plants of Avicennia germinans growing under controlled salinity conditions. Increases in salinity from 0 to 940 mol NaCl m -3 reduced the predawn water potential from -0.56 to -4.16 MPa and the solute potential from -2.27 to -4.48 MPa, whereas the pressure potential remained positive in all treatments. Compared to the control, at 940 mol NaCl m -3 Na + and Cl -concentrations of leaf sap increased 19 and 7 times, respectively. With the addition of salt the main ions accumulated in leaves were Na + and Cl -whereas plants grown without salt accumulated K + in leaves at levels similar to those of Na + with salt treatments. Secretion rates of Na + and Cl -ions increased up to the highest salinity treatment, amounting to 59 and 46 times respectively, compared to control plants. The increase in secretion rate contributed to counteract the increase of salt concentration in the leaf. In the treatments receiving salts, the Na + /K + ratio of leaf sap ranged from 4 to 10, whereas that of the secretion ranged from 24 to 56. The ratio of Cl -vs the rest of anions remained around 3 in the leaf sap of salt-treated plants whereas it varied between 96 and 243 in the secretion. With increasing salinity higher secretion rates maintained the internal ion leaf concentration relatively low. The selective character of the secretion contributes to maintain favourable Na + /K + and Cl -/anion ratios in the leaf cells.

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Section: Leaf Ion Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 91%

Salinity effects on leaf ion composition and salt secretion rate in Avicennia germinans (L.) L.

Suárez

Medina

2008

Braz. J. Plant Physiol.

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“…R. stylosa saplings grown at salinities greater than 25 % seawater, have sharp and significant decreases in leaf, stem and root dry weights (Clough, 1984). In Avicennia germinans high salinities increase leaf mortality and reduce leaf expansion significantly (Suárez & Medina, 2005). A comparative study in A. germinans, L. racemosa and R. mangle showed that elevated environmental salinities lead to increased osmolality of the leaf sap and leaf area reduction, which was especially pronounced in R. mangle (Medina & Francisco, 1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stomatal density, leaf area and plant size variation of Rhizophora mangle (Malpighiales: Rhizophoraceae) along a salinity gradient in the Mexican Caribbean

Peel

Mandujano

López‐Portillo

et al. 2017

RBT

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Abstract:In community ecology, the knowledge of abiotic factors, that determine intraspecific variability in ecophysiological and functional traits, is important for addressing major questions, such as plant community assembly and ecosystem functioning. Mangroves have several mechanisms of resistance to salinity and most species exhibit some xeromorphic features in order to conserve water. Leaf area and stomatal density play an important role in maintaining water balance, and gas exchange is regulated by their aperture and density, two traits that vary intraspecifically in response to environmental conditions, such as water stress and salinity. In this study, we evaluated the effects of salinity on stomatal density, leaf area and plant size in R. mangle and we tested for associations among the three variables, across three sites along a natural salinity gradient in the Xel-Há Park, Quintana Roo, Mexico. We hypothesized that high salinity sites would produce smaller plants, with smaller leaves, and fewer stomata. Three sampling sites with different environmental conditions were chosen and salinities were monitored monthly. A total of 542 plants were tagged and tree heights and diameters were measured for each individual within each of the three sampling sites. Three leaves from 20 trees from each site were measured to determine leaf area. Stomatal densities were determined in each leaf using nail polish casts, examining ten 1 mm squares per leaf under an optical microscope. A principal component analysis was used to assess association between tree height, leaf area, and stomatal density for each plot. The salinity gradient was reflected in plant size, producing smaller plants at the higher salinity site. The largest leaves were found at the low salinity site (51.2 ± 24.99 cm 2 ). Leaf length was not correlated to plant size (LL vs. tree height: r= 0.02, P= 0.8205; LL vs. trunk diameter: r= 0.03, P= 0.7336), so we concluded that leaf length is an environmentally plastic trait of red mangroves that may vary as a function of environmental conditions, such as hydric stress caused by elevated salinity. The larger leaves from the low salinity site had lower densities of stomata (65.0 stomata.mm 2 SD= 12.3), and increasing salinities did not decrease stomatal density (intermediate salinity site: 73.4 stomata.mm 2 SD= 13.5; high salinity site: 74.8 stomata.mm 2 SD= 17.3). Our results confirm that stomatal density is inversely related to leaf area (r= -0.29, P < 0.001), especially leaf width (r= -0.31, P < 0.001), and that salinity may increase stomatal density by causing reduction of leaf size. Rev. Biol. Trop. 65 (2): 701-712. Epub 2017 June 01.

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“…Once the capacity of cells to store salts is exhausted, salts build up in the intercellular space leading to cell dehydration and death (Sheldon et al 2004). At higher salinity, the expansion rate of the leaf area reduces together with a decrease in leaf production rate and in leaf size leading to the death of the plant (Suarez and Medina 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salinity-resistant plant growth promoting rhizobacteria ameliorates sodium chloride stress on tomato plants

Tank

Saraf

2010

Journal of Plant Interactions

296

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Salinity is one of the major anthropogenic as well as environmental stresses that reduce plant growth. Results show that even after being adapted up to 6% sodium chloride (NaCl) concentration, all selected isolates were able to solubilize phosphate, and produce phytohormones, siderophores and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase enzyme. NT1 was found to exhibit the highest phosphate solubilization zones (25 mm), siderophore production (1000 mg ml (1 ) as well as ACC deaminase production (50 mMmg (1 h (1 ) potential under laboratory conditions. On the other hand, pot studies conducted on tomato plants under 2% NaCl stress proved that C4 and T15 were the best growth promoters. C4 showed 50% enhancement in root and shoot length as compared to NaCl added untreated plants as well as in absence of NaCl. C4 also enhanced salinity tolerance in plants with the lowest uptake of NaCl thereby reducing the salt stress on plants. C5 enhanced biomass production in tomato plants with increased uptake of the salts by plants, thereby reducing the salt concentration in the soil. The study thus shows that the selected isolates can be used for the plant growth promotion of plants under salinity stress.

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Salinity effect on plant growth and leaf demography of the mangrove, Avicennia germinans L.

Cited by 71 publications

References 28 publications

Salinity effects on leaf ion composition and salt secretion rate in Avicennia germinans (L.) L.

Salinity effects on leaf ion composition and salt secretion rate in Avicennia germinans (L.) L.

Stomatal density, leaf area and plant size variation of Rhizophora mangle (Malpighiales: Rhizophoraceae) along a salinity gradient in the Mexican Caribbean

Salinity-resistant plant growth promoting rhizobacteria ameliorates sodium chloride stress on tomato plants

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