Salinity and oxygen tolerances of eggs and larvae of Hawaiian striped mullet, <i>Mugil cephalus</i> L.*

Sylvester, J. R.; Nash, Colin E.; Emberson, C. R.

doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.1975.tb04635.x

Cited by 39 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(10 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…During the mullet spawning season (December t o March in Hawaii), adult mullet were collected from fish ponds a n d placed in holding tanks at Oceanic Institute. Ripe females * ( O h ) c C) (%o) (ow Sylvester et al (1975) Fish spawned spontaneously approximately 10 h after the second injection. Salinity at spawning was 30%0-.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of salinity on egg development and hatching in grey mullet Mugil cephalus L.

Lee

1981

Journal of Fish Biology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Grey mullet, Mugil cephalus, collected from ponds were induced to spawn with carp pituitary homogenate and human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) at 30"/onsalinity and 26" C. The spontaneously spawned and fertilized eggs were transferred to sea water of different salinities in the range of 5-7O0/oo,either at the 2-blastomere or the gastrula stage. Those eggs transferred at the gastrula stage were more tolerant to the salinity change than were those transferred at the 2-blastomere stage. The eggs did develop to the embryonic stage within the salinity range from 5 to 6OYon. Hatching occurred in all salinities between 10 and 55u/oo. However, no larvae survived at 10 or at 5 5 %~. The optimal salinity range for eggs incubating at 22.0-25.5' C was from 30 to 40%0 salinity, with the peak at 35°/ba. I. INTRODUCTIONMugil cephalus is considered one of the important animal protein sources for the peoples of the Pacific Basin, Southeast Asia, India, the Mediterranean and Eastern European countries and in many parts of Central and South America (Nash, 1978). It is also expected to replace the Hawaiian anchovy as bait for the tuna fishing industry in Hawaii. Successful mass production of this species is urgent. Techniques to induce spawning of M. cephalus were established by Kuo et al. (1 974). However, a reliable technique for larval rearing has not been yet standardized. To achieve this objective, a series of experiments have been carried out, including a study of salinity effects.To date, little information has been published on the effects of salinity on the early development of grey mullet, M. cephalus. Sylvester et al. (1 975) studied the survival of naturally spawned mullet eggs within a narrow salinity range (24-32%0) and suggested that the range 30-32%0 is optimal for eggs incubated at 18.5-20-5"C. In contrast, Hu & Liao (1979) incubated M. cephalus eggs, after manual stripping of the ovary and artificial fertilization, in salinities from 0 to 42.2Yw. Their results indicated that the optimal salinity range is from 22 to 23°/oo for eggs incubated at 22-24" C. The results are summarized in Table I. In our study, we examined the survival of naturally spawned eggs over a wide salinity range-from 5 to 709'00; the tolerance of fertilized eggs to salinity changes at two different development stages; and the survival of the hatched larvae.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of salinity on egg development and hatching in grey mullet Mugil cephalus L.

Lee

1981

Journal of Fish Biology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The importance of salinity and temperature stability on embryo development of the marine estuarine-opportunist Mugil cephalus is indicated by the work of Walsh et al (1991) which showed that the optimum yield of normal larvae was at 36 g kg-' salinity and 25" C. The lower salinity tolerance limit of M. cephalus eggs was approximately 15 g kg-', a value which is frequently attained during moderate river flow conditions in southern African estuaries. In addition, Sylvester et al (1975) found that M. cephalus eggs were negatively buoyant in salinities below 30 g kg-', accumulating on the bottom and dying if aeration was inadequate. In contrast to the physiological sensitivity of M. cephalus egg and larval stages, early juveniles of this species in the eastern Cape are attracted to riverine environments (Bok 1979) where salinities are usually < 0.5 g kg-' and temperatures show wide fluctuations.…”

Section: Stenotopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Fish species diversity in southern African estuarine systems: an evolutionary perspective

Whitfield¹

1994

Environ Biol Fish

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Based on the tolerances and observed effects of eggs of other marine fishes (Sylvester & Nash 1975;Brownell 1980b;Peterson et al 1980;Holt & Arnold 1983;Daniels et al 1987;Kikkawa et al 2004;Munday et al 2009;Frommel et al 2012), it does not seem likely that a specific water quality parameter during any experiment was the main contributor to the observed results for pinfish and pigfish egg hatching success, larval survival and larval morphometric parameters even with the observed changes in water quality. Nitrite, UIA and pH did not approach levels known to affect egg hatching or other parameters for other species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Based on the tolerances and observed effects of eggs of other marine fishes (Sylvester & Nash ; Brownell ; Peterson et al . ; Holt & Arnold ; Daniels et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, hatching success of striped mullet (Mugil cephalus Linnaeus.) eggs decreased by approximately 75% when oxygen levels were lowered from 5.0 to 4.5 mg L À1 (90% down to 80% saturation) (Sylvester & Nash 1975). Eggs of red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus L. ;Holt & Arnold 1983) and spotted seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus Cuvier; Daniels, Boyd & Milton 1987) were reported to be hardy when exposed to nitrite (≤500 mg L À1 ) and un-ionized ammonia (≤5.0 mg L À1 ) levels during incubation, and hatching was usually unaffected.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effects of egg stocking density on egg hatchability, larval quality and water quality for pinfish, Lagodon rhomboides , and pigfish, Orthopristis chrysoptera

2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Pinfish (Lagodon rhomboides Linnaeus) and pigfish (Orthopristis chrysoptera L.) are relatively new, cultured species commonly used as marine baitfish in the south‐eastern United States and currently have no defined protocols for egg incubation. Thus, experiments were conducted to determine efficient egg stocking densities during static and flow‐through incubation that yielded higher quality larvae. Eggs of each species were incubated statically at 250, 500, 1000 and 2000 eggs L−1, and after incubation, egg hatching success, larval survival to first feeding, larval morphometrics and water quality were assessed. Stocking densities above 250 eggs L−1 led to significant reductions in pinfish hatching success and water quality degradation, evident from decreased dissolved oxygen and pH levels and increased nitrogenous wastes. Increased stocking densities for pigfish also resulted in significant water quality degradation, although hatching success was unaffected up to a density of 1000 eggs L−1. A high flow‐through water exchange rate of 2000% daily resulted in significant reductions in nitrogenous wastes and greater stability in dissolved oxygen and pH levels during incubation when compared to static treatments of the same egg density. Additionally, the high exchange rate of 2000% was critical in maintaining high hatching success and larval survival to first feeding at stocking densities of 1000 eggs L−1 for pinfish and up to 4000 eggs L−1 for pigfish. No clear patterns in larval morphometrics were observed among stocking densities. Static incubation densities of 250 and 1000 eggs L−1 are recommended for pinfish and pigfish, respectively.

show abstract

Salinity and oxygen tolerances of eggs and larvae of Hawaiian striped mullet, Mugil cephalus L.*

Cited by 39 publications

References 13 publications

Effects of salinity on egg development and hatching in grey mullet Mugil cephalus L.

Effects of salinity on egg development and hatching in grey mullet Mugil cephalus L.

Fish species diversity in southern African estuarine systems: an evolutionary perspective

Effects of egg stocking density on egg hatchability, larval quality and water quality for pinfish, Lagodon rhomboides , and pigfish, Orthopristis chrysoptera

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About