Salinity and hydrology of closed lakes

Langbein, W. B.

doi:10.3133/pp412

Cited by 126 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…With little or no surface water outlet, saline lakes can also undergo disproportionately large changes in areal extent in response to small changes in precipitation, runoff, or evaporation (Micklin, 1992;Sahagian, 2000;Steenburgh et al, 2000). Langbein (1961) first hypothesized that the long-term balance of the salinity in a saline lake was mediated by its water level, which in turn was mediated by the long-term balance between water input and discharge by evaporation and often involved Aeolian salt dust removal (e.g., Zlotnik et al, 2012). Long-term monitoring of saline lakes is therefore crucial to determine seasonal patterns and to establish the relation among water levels, salinity, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2017.08.002 0022-1694/Ó 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaporation from a shallow, saline lake in the Nebraska Sandhills: Energy balance drivers of seasonal and interannual variability

Riveros-Iregui

Lenters

Peake

et al. 2017

Journal of Hydrology

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a b s t r a c tDespite potential evaporation rates in excess of the local precipitation, dry climates often support saline lakes through groundwater inputs of water and associated solutes. These groundwater-fed lakes are important indicators of environmental change, in part because their shallow water levels and salinity are very sensitive to weather and climatic variability. Some of this sensitivity arises from high rates of open-water evaporation, which is a dominant but poorly quantified process for saline lakes. This study used the Bowen ratio energy budget method to calculate open-water evaporation rates for Alkali Lake, a saline lake in the Nebraska Sandhills region (central United States), where numerous groundwaterfed lakes occupy the landscape. Evaporation rates were measured during the warm season (MayOctober) over three consecutive years (2007)(2008)(2009) to gain insights into the climatic and limnological factors driving evaporation, as well as the partitioning of energy balance components at seasonal and interannual time scales. Results show a seasonal peak in evaporation rate in late June of 7.0 mm day À1 (on average), with a maximum daily rate of 10.5 mm day À1 and a 3-year mean July-September (JAS) rate of 5.1 mm day À1, which greatly exceeds the long-term JAS precipitation rate of 1.3 mm day À1. Seasonal variability in lake evaporation closely follows that of net radiation and lake surface temperature, with sensible heat flux and heat storage variations being relatively small, except in response to short-term, synoptic events. Interannual changes in the surface energy balance were weak, by comparison, although a 6-fold increase in mean lake level over the three years (0.05-0.30 m) led to greater heat storage within the lake, an enhanced JAS lake-air temperature gradient, and greater sensible heat loss. These large variations in water level were also associated with large changes in absolute salinity (from 28 to 118 g kg À1 ), with periods of high salinity characterized by reductions in mass transfer estimates of evaporation rate by up to 20%, depending on atmospheric conditions and absolute salinity. Energy balance estimates of evaporation, on the other hand, were found to be less sensitive to variations in salinity. These results provide regional insights for lakes in the Nebraska Sandhills region and implications for estimation of the energy and water balance of saline lakes in similar arid and semi-arid landscapes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaporation from a shallow, saline lake in the Nebraska Sandhills: Energy balance drivers of seasonal and interannual variability

Riveros-Iregui

Lenters

Peake

et al. 2017

Journal of Hydrology

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“…Hydrological models and long-term monitoring of shallow closed-basin lakes (Langbein 1961;Crowe 1993;LaBaugh et al 1996) indicate that on time scales of years to decades these systems display significant nonlinearity between depth and salinity. Thus, if changes in biologically important environmental factors such as substrate quality or oxygen concentration can be mechanistically linked to changes in lake depth or salinity, it should be possible to independently evaluate their effects on a biological community by collecting environmental and community data over a sufficiently long period of time.…”

Section: Biology Of a Tropical Soda Lakementioning

confidence: 99%

Long‐term dynamics of algal and invertebrate communities in a small, fluctuating tropical soda lake

Verschuren

Cocquyt

Tibby

et al. 1999

Limnology & Oceanography

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Lake Sonachi, Kenya, is a small alkaline-saline crater lake that over the past 175 years has experienced considerable fluctuations in lake depth (Z max ϭ 3-18 m) and an alternation of meromictic and holomictic episodes lasting from a few years to several decades. Paleolimnological methods were used to reconstruct the long-term dynamics of algal and invertebrate communities in Lake Sonachi in relation to the historical evolution of their physical and chemical environment. Multivariate statistical analysis revealed only weak correlation between the stratigraphic distributions of fossil algal pigments, diatoms, and chironomid larvae in 210 Pb-dated sediment cores and the documented or reconstructed variation in lake depth, mixing regime, and surface-water conductivity. The eventful biological history of Lake Sonachi exemplifies the complexity of long-term community dynamics in tropical African soda lakes and reveals how phytoplankton community structure can exert direct control on benthic and planktonic invertebrate communities. The modest phytoplankton abundance and photosynthetic activity of Lake Sonachi when compared with other tropical African soda lakes represent recent lake conditions, resulting from a dramatic decline of filamentous cyanobacteria (e.g., Spirulina platensis) between the 1930s and 1970s and incomplete replacement by the small coccoid cyanobacteria (e.g., Synechococcus bacillaris), which are dominant today. This reduction in algal biomass favored benthic and planktonic invertebrates by reducing the prevalence of complete water-column anoxia associated with intense nighttime respiration of cyanobacterial blooms. Anoxia-intolerant halobiont chironomids expanded during an episode of low lake level (Z max Ͻ 4 m), holomixis, and high conductivity (Ͼ9,000 S cm Ϫ1

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“…60). Saline residues are so prevalent in the discharge areas of closed basins that their absence may be taken as prima facie evidence that a basin is not truly "closed," but must have some subsurface outflow or deflation by wind action (Langbein, 1961) t o carry away the soluble salts that would otherwise accumulate.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mineral and water resources of Nevada

1965

Journal of Hydrology

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Salinity and hydrology of closed lakes

Cited by 126 publications

References 12 publications

Evaporation from a shallow, saline lake in the Nebraska Sandhills: Energy balance drivers of seasonal and interannual variability

Evaporation from a shallow, saline lake in the Nebraska Sandhills: Energy balance drivers of seasonal and interannual variability

Long‐term dynamics of algal and invertebrate communities in a small, fluctuating tropical soda lake

Mineral and water resources of Nevada

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